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[German version] (ἡ διαλεκτική; hē dialektikḗ) is an elliptic expression for ἡ διαλεκτικὴ τέχνη ( hē dialektikḕ téchnē), ‘the art of discourse’. In both versions, it is first found in Plato (Plt. 7,534e 3 or respectively Phdr. 276e5f.), where it is used to describe an ability which is characteristic of philosophers. This, then new, definition of dialectics was widely adopted, but also frequently modified even in antiquity. For a better understanding, the descriptor ‘art’ ( téchnē) is of importance. It clarifies from the very outset that dialectics comprise a practical …

[German version] The term dialectician (διαλεκτικός; dialektikós), ‘practised in discourse’, was initially used to describe someone ‘who knows how to ask questions and answer them’ (Pl. Crat. 390c), i.e. a logician according to the contemporary appreciation of his most important ability. The understanding of the term then shifted, so that it either continued to comprise all logicians (as e.g. in Aristot. Top. 8,2,157a 19; Cic. Acad. 2,143; S. Emp. P.H. 2,166) or only referred to a certain group of log…

(Ἀρχέδημος; Archédēmos). [German version] [1] Athenian politician of c. 400 BC Athenian politician of c. 400 BC. Archedemus was close to  Socrates and  Criton (Xen. Mem. 2,9). As administrator of the diobelia, after the battle of the Arginusae in 406 BC he accused the strategos  Erasinides of misappropriation of funds and faults in the performance of his official duties (Xen. Hell. 1,7,2), thus initiating the so-called trials of the generals at Arginusae. As a demagogue, he was mocked in comedies (cf. Aristoph. Ran. 416 ff. with schol.; PA, 2326; Traill PAA, 208855. Meier, Mischa (Bielefeld) [German version] [2] of Tarsus Stoic philosopher in Babylon, died c. 140 BC Stoic philosopher, a pupil of  Zeno of Tarsus (Ind. Stoic. Herc. col. 48,8), probably also identical …

(Ἀθηνόδωρος; Athēnódōros). [German version] [1] Mercenary commander, in Persian service around 360 BC Mercenary commander, from the Athenian cleruc…

(Ἀρίστων; Arístōn). [German version] [1] of Athens Tragedian Son of Menealaus (possibly identical with TrGF 2-4, 1977-85, 137), father of the comic poet Alexander (FdD III 2, 48 l. 3 and 15; 49), author of Satyr plays and tragedies; in an inscription on the southern wall of the Athenian treasure house (FdD III 2, 48 17, l. 30 and 35, Syll.3 711 L) , he is honoured as an Attic delegate to the 3rd Pythaïs of the Dionysiac technites in Delphi, probably in 106/105 BC (or 97 BC according to TrGF app. crit. 145151). Pressler, Frank (Heidelberg) Bibliography Mette, 72 TrGF 146. [German version] [2] of Al…

[German version] [1] Macedonian commander (320-319 BC) Son of Iolaus,  399/398 BC, was certainly already active militarily and diplomatically under  Philippus and under his father  Amyntas and brothers. He was especially connected with  Alexander [4] and secured his throne after the murder of Philippus. During Alexander's invasion in Asia he remained with half of the Macedonian army as governor of Europe. He monitored Greece and sent mercenaries and Macedonian contingents during the first year of the …

(Ἀπολλόδωρος; Apollódōros). Political figures [German version] …