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The Chinese writing system, unlike alphabetic systems, is generally considered logographic and a deep orthography, in which the relationship between written form and sound is opaque. More specifically, the Chinese character corresponds to a syllable and a morpheme. Constituents of a character are arranged in a square shape, and none of them map onto phonemes or tone. Today more than 80% of all characters are phonetic compound characters composed of a semantic and a phonetic radical, which provid…

This lemma discusses the neural correlates of Chinese character recognition and phonological access based on neuroimaging techniques. For studies linking these issues with acquired dyslexia and dysgraphia, Acquired Dyslexia and Dysgraphia. While traditional lesion studies of acquired dyslexia and dysgraphia have the potential of informing us about neural substrates underlying orthographic processing and phonological access, they are severely limited in their capacity for generalization and specification of lesion-behavior rel…