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[German Version] I. General Church History – II. Europe – III. Latin America I. General Church History Laicism (from Gk λαος/ laós, “people”; Laity) originated in 19th-century France ( laïcisme) as an aggressively anticlerical concept; originally it proposed absolute separation of the state, secular culture, and the church (esp. the Catholic Church; Church and …

[German Version] During the colonial period in Peru (1532–1821) six major provincial councils, which affected the church in all of Spanish Ame…

[German Version] (Nov 16, 1538, Mayorga, León, Spain – Mar 23, 1606, Saña, Peru), second archbishop of Lima (1581–1606). He studied, specializing in canon law, in Valladolid, Salamanca, and Coimbra. From 1573 to 1580, he was inquisitor in Granada. In 1579, he was appointed archbishop by Pope Gregory VIII, was consecrated in 1580, and then traveled to Lima. Mogrovejo was famous for his exten-…

[German Version] (d. 1774) is one of the few known Indian nuns in colonial Peru and prelate of the beatery of Copacabana in Lima for Indian women religious around the year 1733. …

[German Version] (Titu Cusi; 1530–1572), third Inca ruler after the conquest of Peru in 1532; until his death, he retreat…

[German Version] (1,285,220 km2) lies in the very center of the Andes mountain range in western South America. Until the Spanish conquest it was also the home of the Inca Empire, which stretched from northern Ecuador to the middle of Chile. Of a total population of 27,012,899, some 45% are classified as Indians (Native American Indians), 37% as mestizos, and 15% as “white.” There is also a small black and Asian population. The word “Indian” is now less used as it has acquired a pejorative connotation; it has for the most ¶ part been replaced by campesino (“peasant”). The majority of An…