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[German version] (Οὔλδης; Oúldēs). Leader of a federation of Hunni to the north of the Danube. In 400 AD U. had Gainas, who had fled over the Danube, killed and sent his head to Arcadius, bringing about the first Hunni-Roman treaty  (Zos. 5,22,1-3). As late as 405/6 he supported Stilicho against  Radagaesus (Oros. 7,37,12). In 408 he himself attacked Thrace, but bribed by the Romans his army disbanded (Soz. 9,5,1-5). Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography PLRE 2,1180  G. Wirth, Attila, 1999, 31-37.

[German version] Alemannian, brother of Butilinus. L. marched with him to Italy in AD 553 presumably on behalf of the king of the Franks Theodebald I. He parted from Butilinus, and after plundering expeditions in southern Italy went back north alone; after an attack by Byzantine troops he lost his booty again. L. and a large part of his army died of an epidemic in 554 near Ceneta in Venetia (Agathias 1,6; 22,1-3). Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography 1 PLRE 3, 789f. 2 D. Geuenich, Geschichte der Alemannen, 1997, 93f..

[German version] ( Theodebertus; Θευδίβερτος/ Theudíbertos). Frankish king 533-547 AD (534-548?,  cf. [1. 7]), son of Theoderic (Theodericus (Theoderic)  [4]) (Greg. Tur. Franc. 3,20-36). Together with his uncles, in 534 he conquered Burgundy, from 539 exploited fighting between Byzantium and the Goths  for attacks in Italy (Procop. Goth. 2,25), occupied parts of northern Italy and conducted a self-confident (cf. MGH Epp. 3,132 f. to Iustinianus [1]) double-dealing between the Goths and Byzantium. He…

[German version] King of the Burgundiones from AD 516-523. Son of Gundobad, his successor in 516. His turning towards the Eastern Roman Empire bore him the title patrikios (Avitus Epist. 9). There was a crisis in his reign, after he had his son Sigerich executed (Greg. Tur. Franc. 3,5). In 523 his kingdom was raided by the Frank Chlodomer, he himself was imprisoned and killed (Chron. min. 2,235; Greg. Tur. Franc. 3,6). Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography 1 PLRE 2, 1009 f. 2 H. Wolfram, Das Reich und die Barbaren, 21994, 360 f.

[German version] Goth, related to Gainas, comes in the Eastern Empire. Probably an enemy of Eutropius [4]  (Claud. in Eutropium 2,176-180). In 399 AD he and his foederati troops rebelled (with Gainas's knowledge?) against Arcadius in Phrygia (Zos. 5,13,2-4), at first he was victorious over the imperial troops sent against him but afterwards he was defeated by them at Selge (Zos. 5,16,1-5); after uniting his troops with Gainas he marched on Constantinople (Zos. 5,18,4-9). He was killed during battles in Thrace (Philostorgios 11,8; [2. 151]). Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography 1 …

[German version] Of the Quadi. Installed as king of the territory between the rivers Marus and Cusus (March and Waag?) by Drusus [II 1] in AD 19, following the elimination of Maroboduus and Catualda (Tac. Ann. 2,63). He developed his rule praedationibus et vectigalibus ('by robbery and tolls') ( ibid. 12,29). Finally, in AD 51, V. was unable to prevail against internal conflicts (revolt of Vangio and Sido) and external pressure from the Hermunduri and Lugii. Emperor Claudius [III 1] did not intervene in these conflicts, but permitted V. to take refuge in exile in Pannonia ( ibid. 12,30). Lü…

[German version] Flavius S., magister utriusque militiae in the west of the Roman Empire AD 395-408; son of an officer of Vandal origin (cf. Oros. 7,38,1) who served under Valens. S. took part as a tribunus in an embassy to Persia in 383 (Claud. Carm. 21,51-68); in 384 he married Serena (ibid. 69-88), the niece of Theodosius I, and became comes stabuli, after 385 comes domesticorum (Claud. Carm. minora 30,193 f.) and in 392 magister utriusque militiae, probably in Thrace (Cod. Theod. 7,4,18; 7,9,3). As second-in-command to  Timasius in 394 he led a campaign against Eug…

[German version] (Οὐίττιγις; Ouíttigis). First non-Amal Ostrogoth king in Italy AD 536-540, successor to Theodahat (Theodahatus), nephew of Ulitheus, uncle of Uraias. Spatharius ('sword-bearer') to Athalaric (Cassiod. MGH AA 12,476). After Theodahat's failure in the face of the Byzantine invasion, V. was proclaimed king by the Gothic army in Reate at the end of 536 (Procop. BG 1,11,5). He had Theodahat killed (Procop. BG 1,11,6) and subsequently marched to Ravenna, where he forced Matasuntha, granddaughter of Theode…

[German version] Visigoth king in 415 AD, brother of Sarus, successor to Ataulfus but assassinated after a few days, probably because of his pro-Roman attitude (Oros. 7,43,9). Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography 1 PLRE 2, 987 2 P. Heather, Goths and Romans, 1991, 197 f.

[German version] (also Wacho, Waccho, Vaces). King of the  Langobardi; he killed his uncle Tato, expelled his cousin Ildichis and sought by marriage policies to make alliances with the Thuringi, the Gepidae and the Heruli. Allied with Byzantium, he refused in 539 AD to support  Witigis. V. died shortly afterwards. (Paulus Diaconus, Historia Langobardorum 1,21;  Procop. Goth. 2,22,11-12). Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography J. Jarnut, Geschichte der Langobarden, 1982, 20-22  PLRE 3, 1350.

[German version] King of the Suebi in Spain, AD 448-455, Catholic [2. 21-23], married a daughter of the Visigothic king Theodericus I, plundered northern Spain 448/9 (Chron. min. 2,25) and concluded temporary treaties with the Romans in 453 and 454 (Chron. min. 2,27). R.' expansionistic policies at the beginning of the reign of Theodericus II (453-466) brought him into conflict with the Visigoths. During this conflict, R. was killed in 455 (Chron. min. 2,29). Suebi Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography 1 PLRE 2, 935 2 R. Collins, Early Medieval Spain, 1983.

[German version] Ostrogoth king, brother of Theodemir and Vidimir, uncle of Theoderic the Great (Theodericus [3]), who took part in the campaigns of Attila (Iord. Rom. 331; Iord. Get. 199), but after AD 453 escaped from Hunnish rule. After settling in Pannonia ( c. 454), between 459 and 462 the brothers fought successfully against Byzantium for better treaty conditions (Leo [4] I). In about 468/9 V. was killed in an attack by the Sciri (Iord. Get. 270 f.; 275 f.; [1. 265]). PLRE 2, 1135 f. Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography 1 H. Wolfram, Die Goten, 42001, 259-265.

[German version] (Rodoulfus). King of the Heruli who fell in AD 508 in the battle against the Langobardi (Procop. Goth. 2,14,11-22). Probably the son in arms of Theodericus. Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography 1 PLRE 2, 946 2 J. Moorhead, Theoderic in Italy, 1992, 193.

( Theodericus; Θευδέριχος; Theudérichos). [German version] [1] T. I King of the Visigoths, AD 418-451, successor to Vallia, probably the son-in-law of Alaricus [2] [1. 180]. Despite the settlement of the Visigoths in Gaul in 418, he besieged Arelate (Arles) in 425, then renewed the foedus with Rome ( foederati ), but again fought against Aetius [2] in 436. In 438, the Goths were defeated; in 439, there was another treaty with Rome after renewed Gothic successes. In 450, Attila attempted in vain to win over T.; T. was kill…

[German version] Granddaughter of Theoderic [3] the Great; having been forced into marriage in 536 AD by Vitigis, she tried to betray Ravenna to the Byzantines in 538, supposedly in order to marry Belisarius (?) (Procop. Goth. 2,10,11). In 540 she and Vitigis (d. 542) were brought to Constantinople, and in 549/50 she married Germanus [1] (d. 550). Birth of a son, Germanus, in 550/1. M. bore the unusual title of a patricia (Iord. Get. 81). Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography PLRE 3B, 851f. H. Wolfram, Die Goten, 1990, 343, 347, 357.

[German version] Son of Odoacer; elevated by his father to Caesar in Italy ( c. 489-493 AD); from 493 onwards a hostage of Theoderic [3] the Great, after the death of Odoacer (in 493) banished to Gaul and on attempting to return murdered by Theoderic. (Iohannes Antiochenus fr. 241a, FHG 5, 29; Anon. Vales. 11,54). PLRE 2,1064. Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl)

[German version] (Τωτίλας/ Tōtílas; alternate name Baduila, e.g. Iord. De summa temporum vel origine actibusque gentis Romanorum 380; [1. 458]). King of the Goths AD 541-552, nephew of Hildebald (Ostrogothic king 540/541), great-nephew of the Visigothic king Theudis. He commanded the Gothic troops in Tarvisium when his uncle was murdered. When Erarich's rule caused discontent among the Ostrogoths, T. decided to succeed his uncle despite negotiations with Byzantium (Procop. Goth. 3,2). In 542, he re-engaged in the war against Byzantium during the absence of Belisarius ( ibid. 3…

[German version] [1] Great-grandfather of Eutharic Great-grandfather of Eutharic, Theoderic [3] the Great's designated successor (cf. Cassiod. Var. 11,1,19; Iord. Get. 81; 250 f.; 298). The family tree is probably partially an invention of Cassiodorus. Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography P. Heather, Cassiodorus and the Rise of the Amals, in: JRS 79, 1989, 103-128, esp. 118-120  PLRE 2,1116. [German version] [2] King of the Visigoths, mid-5th cent. Visigoth king 451-453 AD, son of Theoderic [1]. After Theoderic's death in the battle on the Campi Catalauni …

[German version] Flavius S., under Felix [6] sent against Bonifatius [1] in Africa in 427 AD (Chron. Min. 1,472); Consul in 437, magister utriusque militiae 437-448, coastal defences against the Vandali 440 (Nov. Valentiniani 9), 448 patricius [2. 158 f.]. Often seen as rival of Aetius [2] [3. 498-500]. Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography 1 PLRE 2, 1010 2 T. D. Barnes, Patricii under Valentinian III., in: Phoenix 29, 1975, 155-170 3 B. L. Twyman, Aetius and the Aristocracy, in: Historia 19, 1970, 480-503.

[German version] King ( rex) in Visigoth Spain 531-548 AD, great-uncle of  Totila, probably from an influential Gothic family [2. 157 f.]. An 'arms bearer' ( armiger) of Theoderic [3] the Great, he was sent as commander-in-chief to the Visigoths c. 511, guardian of Amalaricus. T. married a well-to-do Spaniard and, with Theoderic's indulgence, exercised power in Spain (Procop. Goth. 1,12,50-54). After Amalaricus's death in 531 T. became rex, in 548 he was assassinated (Chron. Min. 2,283 f.; for the date see [4. 356]). Lütkenhaus, Werner (Marl) Bibliography 1 P. Amory, People and…