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Aspasius

(588 words)

Author(s): Sharples, Robert (London) | Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
[German version] [1] Commentator on Aristotle Commentator on Aristotle, 1st half of the 2nd cent. AD; teacher of  Herminus. His works were read in the school of Plotinus (Porph. Vita Plotini 14). A.' commentary on the ‘Nicomachean Ethics [1] is the earliest surviving extended commentary on an Aristotelian text, and influenced the treatment of the ‘common books’ 5-7 as Nicomachean; although the theory in [2. 29-36] that he was responsible for the inclusion of these books has been questioned by the ‘Eud…

Gem cutting

(2,838 words)

Author(s): Niemeyer, Hans Georg (Hamburg) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
[German version] I. Ancient Orient see  Seals Niemeyer, Hans Georg (Hamburg) [German version] II. Phoenician …

Agathangelus

(217 words)

Author(s): Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Savvidis, Kyriakos (Bochum)
[German version] [1] Gem cutter, 1st cent. BC Gem cutter (1st cent. BC), signed the famous ‘Agathangelus cameo’ with the portrait of a man (carnelian, Berlin, SM) -- it …

Athenion

(484 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) | Meister, Klaus (Berlin) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Bäbler, Balbina (Göttingen)
(Ἀθηνίων; Athēníōn). [German version] [1] Peripatetic rhetorician in Athens Peripatetic rhetorician in Athens (different from  Aristion [1. 341-343]), only known from the polemic party of  Posidonius (FGrH 87 fr. 36). Sent from Athens to  Mithridates VI in 88 BC, taken up by him among his φίλοι ( phíloi, friends), he won the support of the people with Mithridates' support and had as στρατηγὸς ἐπὶ τὰ ὅπλα …

Boethus

(1,274 words)

Author(s): Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Inwood, Brad (Toronto) | Stanzel, Karl-Heinz (Tübingen) | Gottschalk, Hans (Leeds) | Degani, Enzo (Bologna) | Et al.
(Βόηθος; Bóēthos). I. Political figures [German version] [1] Ptolemaean civil servant, 136/5 BC Son of Nicostratus from Caria; in the service of the Ptolemies well before 149 BC, he occupied various administrative positions before becoming epistrategos of Thebes. Founded two cities in Lower Nubia. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography K. Vandorpe, Der früheste Beleg eines Strategen der Thebais als Epistrategen, in: ZPE 73, 1988, 47-50. II. Philosophers and writers [German version] [2] Of Sidon Stoic Philosopher, 2nd cent. BC Stoic philosopher of the 2nd cent. BC; he wrote ‘On destiny, ‘On asceticism and an exegesis of  Aratus' [4] ‘Phainomena. Following the doubts of his teacher,  Diogenes of Babylon, he refuted the doctrine of world conflagration and argued that the cos…

Onesas

(157 words)

Author(s): Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
[German version] (Ὀνέσας; Onésas). Hellenistic gem-cutter who signed a sard intaglio with an altered image of Athena Lemnia (London, BM; [1. 203, n. 56, pl. 53,5]). The latter also appears repeatedly like a replica on a more coarsely worked glass paste (Berlin, SM; [1. 206, n. 78, pl. 47,1; 2. 95, pl. 46, 219]). His signature can also be found on a yellow glass paste depicting a Muse playing the lyre (Florence, MA), which is regarded as a prime example of Hellenisti…

Protarchus

(265 words)

Author(s): Nesselrath, Heinz-Günther (Göttingen) | Dorandi, Tiziano (Paris) | Zimmermann, Bernhard (Freiburg) | Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
(Πρώταρχος/ Prṓtarchos). [German version] [1] Comic poet from Thespiae, 1st cent. BC Comic poet from Thespiae, victorious on one occasion in the 1st cent. BC at the Soteria of Acraephia, and son or father of the epic poet Protogenes; otherwise, nothing is known of him. Nesselrath, Heinz-Günther (Göttingen) Bibliography PCG VII, 1989, 583. [German version] [2] Epicurean from Bargilia, 2nd cent. BC P. of Bargilia. Teacher of Demetrius [21] Lacon (Str. 14,20; 2nd cent. BC), perhaps in Miletus. It is unlikely that he was the head of the Epicurean 'Garden' ( kḗpos ). Dorandi, Tiziano (Paris) Bibliography W. Aly, s.v. Protarchos (5), RE 23, 924  M. Erler, in: GGPh2 4.1, 256-257. [German version] [3] Tragedian from Thebes, 1st cent. BC Tragedian from Thebes, successful after 85 BC at the Amphiaraea and Romaea at Oropus (DID A 6). Zimmermann, Bernhard (Freiburg)…

Pergamus

(166 words)

Author(s): Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
[German version] Classical Period gem cutter, whose signature ΠΕΡΓΑ (PERGA) is restored to Pergamos in accordance with master's signatures of the Classical Period which occur mostly in the nominative. A fire-damaged carnelian scarab, signed by him in this way, with the head of a youth in a Phrygian cap (Saint Petersburg, ER) has been found, together with coins of Lysimachus [2], in a grave at Kerch in the Crimea [1. 134, 198f., table  8,5; 3. 131…

Sostratus

(572 words)

Author(s): Höcker, Christoph (Kissing) | Zimmermann, Bernhard (Freiburg) | Fornaro, Sotera (Sassari) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Di Marco, Massimo (Fondi Latina)
(Σώστρατος/ Sṓstratos). [German version] [1] Of Cnidus, Gr…

Sphragis

(481 words)

Author(s): Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Gärtner, Hans Armin (Heidelberg) | Fitschen, Klaus (Kiel)
(σφραγίς/ sphragís, literally  Seal). [German version] [1] Seal (stone) Seal (stone): precious or decorative stone with intaglio engraving, signet ring, seal (impression). On 2nd-4th cent. AD magical amulet gems from Roman Egypt there is often mention of the demon-averting seal of Solomon and, connected with Solomon motifs, the Seal of God ( sphragìs theoû). Gem-cutting Mic…

Apollonius

(7,446 words)

Author(s): Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Fantuzzi, Marco (Florence) | Hunter, Richard (Cambridge) | Pressler, Frank (Heidelberg) | Hidber, Thomas (Berne) | Et al.
(Ἀπολλώνιος; Apollṓnnios). [German version] [1] Dioiketes of Ptolemy II (259-245 BC) Of Caria, possibly Ptolemaic o ikonomos there in 267 BC. Was dioiketes of Ptolemy II from April /May 259 until the end of 245; in 252 escorted Berenice to her wedding to Antiochus II. At a critical transition period A. found himself responsible for the economy of the kingdom of the Ptolemies, adapting the fiscal system to the monetary economy of the Lagids, for which purpose he was entrusted with the management…

Alexas

(43 words)

Author(s): Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
[English version] Vater von Aulos [2] u. Quintus, eine wohl kampan. Steinschneiderfamilie röm.-republikan. Zeit mit bevorzugt aphrodisisch-dionysischer Thematik. Die Signatur des A. nur auf einem Kameo-Frg. mit Seetier (London, BM). Gemmen- u. Kameenschneider Michel, Simone (Hamburg) Bibliography Zazoff, AG, 286 Anm. 113.

Protarchos

(253 words)

Author(s): Nesselrath, Heinz-Günther (Göttingen) | Dorandi, Tiziano (Paris) | Zimmermann, Bernhard (Freiburg) | Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
(Πρώταρχος). [English version] [1] Komödiendichter aus Thespiai, 1. Jh. v. Chr. Komödiendichter aus Thespiai, der im 1. Jh. v. Chr. einmal an den Soteria von Akraiphia siegte und S…

Gnaios

(101 words)

Author(s): Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
[English version] Steinschneider aus der Zeit der röm. Republik, Signaturen auf Sardonyx mit Palladionraub (Diomedes am Altar, Slg. des Duke of Dev…

Eutyches

(317 words)

Author(s): Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Gatti, Paolo (Trient) | Rist, Josef (Würzburg)
(Εὐτύχης). [English version] [1] Steinschneider, 1. Jh. Steinschneider des 1. Jh. n.Chr., signierte als “Sohn des Dioskurides aus Aigeai” den Bergkristall mit Athenabüste (Berlin, SM), nach einer Statue der Athena von Velletri. Athena von Velletri; Gemmen- u. Kameenschneider Michel, Simone (Hamburg) Bibliography Zazoff, AG, 31770, 331 Taf. 92,3 AGD II, Berlin 169 Taf. 80 und 81 Nr. 456. [English version] [2] lat. Gra…

Agathangelos

(195 words)

Author(s): Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Savvidis, Kyriakos (Bochum)
[English version] [1] Steinschneider, 1. Jh. v. Chr. Steinschneider (1. Jh. v. Chr.), signierte die berühmte ›Agathangelos-Gemme‹ mit dem Portrait eines Mannes (Karneol, Berlin, SM) - seit dem 18. Jh. als Sextus Pompeius diskutiert. Michel, Simone (Hamburg) Bibliography …

Pergamos

(141 words)

Author(s): Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
[English version] Gemmenschneider der klass. Zeit, dessen Signatur ΠΕΡΓΑ (PERGA) entsprechend der in klass. Zeit meist im Nom. auftretenden Meistersignaturen zu Pergamos ergänzt wird. Der von ihm so signierte, durch Brand beschädigte Karneol-Skarabäus mit einem Jünglingskopf unter phrygischer Mütze (St. Petersburg, ER) wurde zusammen mit Mz. des Lysimachos [2] in einem Grab bei Kertsch auf der Krim gefunden [1. 134, 198f., Taf. 8,5; 3. 13126, 138f.56, Abb. 41c, Taf. 32,9], ist jedoch aufgrund der Buchstabenformen der Signatur auf der Lasche der Mütze sowie …

Aspasios

(550 words)

Author(s): Sharples, Robert (London) | Bowie, Ewen (Oxford) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
[English version] [1] Aristoteleskommentator, 2. Jh. Aristoteleskommentator, 1. Hälfte des 2. Jh. n.Chr., Lehrer des Herminos. Seine Werke wurden in Plotins Schule gelesen (Porph. Vita Plotini 14). A.' Komm. über die ‘Nikomachische Ethik [1] ist der früheste durchgehende Komm. zu einer aristotelische Abhandlung, der erh. ist, und beeinflußte die Behandlung der “gemeinen Bücher” 5-7 als nikomacheisch, obwohl die These von [2. 29-36], daß er verantwortlich war für den Transfer dieser Bücher, von der ‘Eudemischen Ethik in Frage gestellt worden ist. A…

Athenion

(462 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) | Meister, Klaus (Berlin) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg) | Ameling, Walter (Jena) | Bäbler, Balbina (Göttingen)
(Ἀθηνίων). [English version] [1] peripat. Rhetor in Athen, 1. Jh. v. Chr. Peripatetischer Rhetor in Athen (verschieden von Aristion [1. 341-343]), nur aus einer polemischen Partei des Poseidonios bekannt (FGrH 87 fr. 36). Von Athen 88 v.Chr. zu Mithradates VI. gesandt, von diesem unter seine φίλοι ( phíloi, Freunde) aufgenommen, gewann er mit dessen Unterstützung die Volksgunst und nahm als στρατηγὸς ἐπὶ τὰ ὅπλα ( strategós epí tá hópla) bestimmenden Einfluß auf die Politik Athens (“Tyrann”). Ein mißglückter Überfall auf Delos beendete offenbar seine polit. Karriere. Olshausen, …

Dexamenos

(345 words)

Author(s): Kearns, Emily (Oxford) | Michel, Simone (Hamburg)
(Δεξαμενός). [English version] [1] myth. König von Olenos in Achaia Mythischer König von Olenos in Achaia, Gastgeber des Herakles; sein Name deutet darauf hin, daß Gastfreundschaft seine Hauptfunktion in der Erzählung ist. Herakles vergalt seine Gastfreundschaft, indem er D.' Tochter vor den Nachstellungen des Kentauren Eurytion rettete. Die Gesch. findet sich in verschiedenen Versionen: Entwede…
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