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Kordofān
(2,453 words)
(Kurdufān), région de la République démocratique du Soudan, à l’Est du Nil Blanc (entre 16° et 10° N., 32° et 27° E. environ), aujourd’hui divisée en deux provinces (Kordfān Nord et Sud) et peuplée de 3 103 000 habitants (recensement de 1973). Son nom, souvent prononcé localement et autrefois écrit Kordofāl, viendrait d’une petite colline située à une quinzaine de km. au Sud-est d’al-Ubayyiḍ (13° 11′ N., 30° 14′ E.); avant le XXe siècle, il s’appliquait à la zone centrale habitée plutôt qu’à l’ensemble de la région. 1. — Géographie et peuplement. Vaste plaine ouverte d’environ 375 000 km2 fo…
Source:
Encyclopédie de l’Islam
Taʿāʾis̲h̲a
(314 words)
, l’un des groupements ethniques de langue arabe collectivement appelés Baḳḳāra [
q.v.] «peuple du bétail», qui vivent dans la République du Soudan dans la Gezira méridionale, le Kordofan [
q.v.], le Dār Fūr [
q.v.] et le Tchad oriental. L’origine tribale des Taʿāʾis̲h̲a se trouve dans l’extrême Sudouest du Dār Fūr, avec pour voisins de l’Est les Habbāniyya, auxquels ils sont étroitement associés. On sait peu de choses sur l’histoire des Baḳḳāra, pas plus que sur l’époque et le processus de l’émergence des groupes actuels. Quoi q…
Source:
Encyclopédie de l’Islam
Taʿāʾis̲h̲a
(310 words)
, one of a series of Arabic-speaking ethnic groups collectively called Baḳḳāra [
q.v.] “cattle people”, who live in the Sudan Republic across the southern Gezira, Kordofan [
q.v.], Dār Fūr [
q.v.] and eastern Chad. The Taʿāʾis̲h̲a tribal home is in the far southwest of Dār Fūr, neighbouring on the east the Habbāniyya, with whom they are closely linked. Little is known of the history of the Baḳḳāra; nor can much be said about how and when the present groupings emerged, although in Dār Fūr they were already in conflict with the sultanate to the north by the late 18th century. The Taʿāʾis̲h̲a rose …
Kordofān
(2,305 words)
(Kurdufān) a region of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan lying west of the White Nile roughly between lats. 16° and 10° N. and longs. 32° and 27° E.; it is now divided into two provinces, Northern and Southern Kordofān, with a population of 3,103,000 (1973 census). The name, often pronounced locally and earlier written as Kordofāl, is said to come from a small hill some ten miles south-east of al-Ubayyiḍ (lat. 13° 11′ N., long. 30° 14′ E.); before the present century the name referred to the central settled area rather than to the whole region. 1. Geography and ethnology A vast (about 147,00…
Ṣāliḥiyya
(416 words)
, a Ṣūfī
ṭarīḳa [
q.v.] from within the tradition established by the Moroccan Ṣūfī and teacher Aḥmad b. Idrīs (d. 1837 [
q.v.]). The exact origin and, indeed, the reason for the name of the Ṣāliḥiyya is unclear. It appears to be an offshoot of the Ras̲h̲īdiyya, the name given to
ṭarīḳa founded by the Sudanese Ibrāhīm al-Ras̲h̲īd al-Duwayḥī (d. 1874, [
q.v. in Suppl.], a student of Ibn Idrīs. After his death in Mecca, Ibrāhīm al-Ras̲h̲īd’s
zāwiya there was taken over by his nephew S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ b. Muḥammad b. Ṣāliḥ (d. 1919), who moved there from the Sud…
S̲h̲āyḳiyya
(309 words)
(
sic; the name comes from the eponym, S̲h̲āyḳ: there is no medial
hamza ), a tribe of the northern Nilotic Sudan, first mentioned in 1529 (R.S. O’Fahey and J.L. Spaulding,
Kingdoms of the Sudan , London 1974, 28). The approximate historical boundaries of their territory stretched from al-Dabba, at the southern end of the great bend of the Nile, upstream to just above the Fourth Cataract. Despite claims to ʿAbbāsid descent, the S̲h̲āyḳiyya are undoubtedly Arabised and Islamised Nubians (J.L. Spaulding,
The Old Shaiqi
language in historical perspective, in
History
in Africa, xvii [1990]…
S̲h̲āyḳiyya
(321 words)
(
sic; le nom vient de l’éponyme S̲h̲āyk, sans
hamza), tribu du Soudan Nilotique septentrional, mentionnée pour la première fois en 1529 (R. S. O’Fahey et J. L. Spaulding,
Kingdoms of the Sudan, Londres 1974, 28). Les limites historiques approximatives de leur territoire s’étendaient d’al-Dabba, à l’extrémité Sud de la grande courbure du Nil, en remontant jusqu’au-delà de la quatrième cataracte. Malgré leur prétention à une ascendance ʿabbāside, les S̲h̲āyḳiyya sont sans conteste des Nubiens arabisés et islamisés (J. L. Spaulding,
The old Shaiqi language in historical perspective,…
Source:
Encyclopédie de l’Islam
Ṣāliḥiyya
(414 words)
,
ṭarika [
q.v.] ṣūfie dans la tradition établie par le Ṣūlī et professeur marocain Aḥmad b. Idris (m. 1837 [
q.v.]). L’origine exacte et bien entendu la raison de l’appellation Ṣāliḥiyya sont obscures. Il paraît s’agir d’un rameau de la Ras̲h̲īdiyya, nom d’une
ṭarīḳa fondée par le Soudanais Ibrāhīm al-Ras̲h̲īd al-Duwayḥī (m. 1874), disciple d’Ibn Idrīs. Après sa mort à la Mekke, la
zāwiya d’Ibrāhīm al-Ras̲h̲īd dans cette ville fut reprise par son neveu S̲h̲ayk̲h̲ b. Muḥammad b. Ṣāliḥ (m. 1919) arrivé du Soudan. Aux environs de 1887, la branche basée à la Me…
Source:
Encyclopédie de l’Islam
طريقة
(13,122 words)
[English edition]
طريقة (جمعها طرق، طرائق) لفظ يمكن أن يعني «كيفية السلوك» (سيرة)؛ هو يصف إذن «طريقة» (مذهب) شخص والسلوك الخاص به والذي يمكن بصفة عامة أن يُحتذى. وهذه التعريفات التي وفّرها لسان العرب (بيروت 1988، viii، 155) تتطابق مع الاستعمالات القرآنيّة للفظ طريقة (انظر بشكل خاص، xx، 63، 104). وقد تبنّت الصوفيّة هذه المفاهيم مع النظر إليها من زاوية روحيّة، لكنهم كانوا حذرين قبل كلّ شيء من ربط هذا اللفظ بمعناه الأكثر حسيّة: أي معنى «طريق» أو «درب». وفي هذا السياق الطريقة هي مرادف لطريق، وغالباً م…
Ṭarīḳa
(16,115 words)
Ṭarīḳa (Ar., pls.
ṭuruḳ ,
ṭarāʾiḳ ) is a term which can signify the “manner of behaving” (
sīra ); it thus qualifies the “method” (
mad̲h̲hab ) of a person, the conduct which is typical of him and which should generally be imitated. These definitions supplied by the
LʿA (Beirut 1988, viii, 155) accord with Ḳurʾānic usages of
ṭarīḳa (cf. in particular, XX, 63, 104). The Ṣūfīs adapted these conceptions, viewing them from a spiritual perspective, but they were careful first of all to relate the term to its most concrete sense: that of “way” or “path”. In this context,
ṭarīḳa is synonymous with
ṭarīḳ …