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( ṭabaqāt-e ejtemāʿī), a generic term referring to various types of social group, including castes, estates, status groups, and occupational categories. A version of this article is available in print Volume V, Fascicle 6, 7 pp. 650-691 CLASS SYSTEM ( ṭabaqāt-e ejtemāʿī), a generic term referring to various types of social group, including castes, estates, status groups, and occupational categories. i. In the Avesta. ii. In the Median and Achaemenid periods. iii. In the Parthian and Sasanian periods. iv. Classes in medieval Islamic Persia. v. Classes in the Qajar period. vi. Classes i…

according to the Bīsotūn inscriptions, the Magian pretender who seized the Achaemenid throne by claiming to be Bardiya (Smerdis), the son of Cyrus the Great. A version of this article is available in print Volume X, Fascicle 3, pp. 333-335 GAUMĀTA, according to the Bīsotūn inscriptions (q.v.), the Magian pretender who seized the Achaemenid throne by claiming to be Bardiya (Smerdis), the son of Cyrus the Great (qq.v.). No event has been more abundantly documented and more bitterly discussed in the rich history of the Achaemenids than t…