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Jewish aid organization founded in 1901 in Berlin. The initial activities of the Hilfsverein der Deutschen Juden (Relief Organization of German Jews) included building a school system in the Near East, improving the situation of the Jews in Eastern Europe through material assistance supplemented by political intervention, and eventually organizing their emigration. The Hilfsverein achieved its greatest effectiveness during the First World War with its emergency relief for Eastern European Jews l…

Jewish aid organization founded in the United States in 1843. Originally conceived as a lodge on the model of the lodges of Freemasonry, B’nai B’rith (Hebr.; "Children of the Covenant,” also: Bnai Brith, Bne Briss) set itself the purpose of strengthening Jewry in the world through education, cultivation, and social welfare, promoting it as a community and combating antisemitism. The organization spread to European countries from the late 19th century, and developed into the world's largest Jewish aid organization in terms of membership.1. Foundation and spreadThe Constitution of…

Voluntary association of Jewish communities in Germany aimed at self-organization in matters of administration, welfare, and education, and at representation of their interests to the outside world. The establishment of the Gemeindebund took place during the unification of the German empires in 1867–1871, with its concomitant civil equality for the German Jews. The Gemeindebund became the first successful attempt at a national-level association of Jews residing in Germany, although it was severa…