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[German Version] In the fulfillment of their tasks, the Protestant and Catholic churches rely on theologians with academic training in state or church colleges (Colleges and universities, Christian). This training concludes with theological examinations, which are the responsibility of both the universities and the churches or, as in the case of teacher examinations in Protestant…

[German Version] I. Church History – II. Legal Considerations I. Church History 1. Europe Since their inception in the High Middle Ages, faculties of theology have been an integral if not absolutely necessary component of European universities (cf. the medical school in Salerno or the law school of Bologna). At universities modeled after the one in Paris, theology, law, and medicine constituted the three upper faculties. From the outset, state and ecclesiastical interests overlapped in faculties of theology…