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Reading Jesuit Readings of Hinduism

(10,545 words)

Author(s): Sweetman, Will
Will Sweetman [email protected] Last modified: October 2019Brahmins and Their Books: The Sixteenth CenturyThe historiography of the Jesuit encounter with Hinduism begins with the very first published lett…
Date: 2019-11-15

Südasiatische Religionen

(4,103 words)

Author(s): Sweetman, Will
1. Allgemein Die unterschiedlichen relig. Traditionen der südasiatischen Gesellschaften (im Gebiet der heutigen Staaten Bangladesch, Indien, Nepal, Pakistan und Sri Lanka) wurden im Europa der Frühen Nz. nicht als verschiedene R. verstanden; erst an deren Ende kamen Begriffe wie Hinduismus (um 1780) und Buddhismus (1801) in allgemeinen Gebrauch. Da der Buddhismus nach dem 12. Jh. fast völlig aus Indien verschwunden war, bezogen sich die meisten europ. Berichte auf seine in Ostasien beheimateten Formen (vgl. Ostasiatische Religionen). Obwohl der Jesuit Jean-François Pons s…
Date: 2019-11-19

Arier

(908 words)

Author(s): Sweetman, Will
Ārya war im 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr. die Selbstbezeichnung der Sprecher des Arischen (āryā vāc, des vedischen Sanskrit), für welche die Weda (Veda) wichtigste Quelle religiöser Autorität war. Antonyme waren anārya oder dāsa (Dämon, Barbar, Sklave). In der spätwedischen Periode (um 500 v.Chr.) bedeutete ārya »edel«; diese Bedeutung lebte im buddhistischen Sprachgebrauch fort. In der Hinduliteratur werden ab dieser Epoche die drei Klassen der āryāoder dviaja (»zweimal Geborenen«) mit einer vierten, niedrigeren Klasse, der śūdra, kontrastiert (Hinduismus).Der Begriff A. w…
Date: 2019-11-19

South Asian religion

(4,467 words)

Author(s): Sweetman, Will
1. Introduction Early modern Europe did not regard the various religious traditions of South Asian societies (i.e. those within the territories now known as Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) as different religions. Terms such as Hinduism (c. 1780) and Buddhism (1801) came into general use only towards the end of the period. Because Buddhism had almost entirely vanished from India after the 12th century, most European accounts focused on the forms it took in E…
Date: 2022-08-17

Aryans

(956 words)

Author(s): Sweetman, Will
In the 2nd millennium BCE, the speakers of Aryan ( āryāvāc, Vedic Sanskrit), for whom the Vedas were the most important source of religious authority, called themselves ārya; antonyms were anārya and dāsa (“demon, barbarian, slave”). In the Late Vedic period (ca. 500 BCE), ārya meant “noble,” a meaning that survived in Buddhist usage. In Hindu literature, from this time on the three varnas of the ārya or dviya (“twice born”) were contrasted to a fourth, inferior varna, the śūdra (Hinduism).The term Aryan was introduced into the European languages as a loanword by A. H. Anque…
Date: 2019-10-14