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Ḥāfiẓ
(2,543 words)
, ( K̲h̲wād̲j̲a ) S̲h̲ams al-Dīn Muḥammad S̲h̲īrāzī , Persian lyric poet and panegyrist, commonly considered the pre-eminent master of the
g̲h̲azal form. He was born in S̲h̲īrāz, probably in 726/1325-6, though Ḳāsim G̲h̲anī argues for 717/1317 and others favour 720/1320. With a few marked absences, he seems to have spent the greater part of his life in S̲h̲īrāz, for long moving in or near the court-circle of the Muẓaffarid dynasty. He is believed to have died in S̲h̲īrāz. in 792/1390 (or 791/1389), and his tomb is perhaps that city’s best known monument. Though credited with learned works ¶ …
Mat̲h̲al
(14,502 words)
(a., pl.
amt̲h̲āl ) proverb, popular saying, derives—similarly to Aram,
mat̲h̲lā , Hebr.
mās̲h̲āl and Ethiop.
mesl ,
mesālē —from the common Semitic root for “sameness, equality, likeness, equivalent” (cf. Akkad.
mas̲h̲ālum “equality”,
mis̲h̲lum “half”). In Arabic, to create a proverb is
fa-arsala(
t)
hā , or
d̲j̲aʿala (
t)
hu
mat̲h̲al an,
fa-ḍaraba (
t)
bihi ’l-mat̲h̲al a; to become proverbial is
ḍuriba bihi ’l-mat̲h̲alu ,
mat̲h̲al un
yuḍrabu fa-d̲h̲ahaba (
t), or
d̲j̲arā /
d̲j̲arat mat̲h̲al an, or, simply,
fa-ṣāra mat̲h̲al an. 1. In Arabic i. Definition ii. Arabic proverbs (1) Earlie…
Madīḥ, Madḥ
(10,231 words)
(a.), the normal technical terms in Arabic and other Islamic literatures for the genre of panegyric poetry, the individual poem being usually referred to as
umdūḥa (pl.
amādīḥ ) or
madīḥa (pl.
madāʾiḥ ). The author himself is called
mādiḥ or, as considered professionally,
maddāḥ . The root itself is sometimes used without technical connotations, as also are commonly the various other roots signifying "praise":
ḥ-m-d,
m-d̲j̲-d,
ḳ-r-ẓ,
t̲h̲-n-y,
ṭ-r-w/y, etc. 1. In Arabic literature. As both an independent unit and a component of the
ḳaṣīda [
q.v.], the genre has been so widespread …
Ḥāfiẓ
(2,829 words)
(K̲h̲Wāḏj̲a) S̲h̲ams al-dīn Muḥammad S̲h̲īrāzī, poète lyrique et panégyriste persan, communément considéré comme le maître du
g̲h̲azal. Il naquit à S̲h̲īrāz, probablement en 726/1325-6, bien que Ḳāsim G̲h̲anī plaide pour 717/1317 et d’autres préfèrent 720/1320. Abstraction faite de quelques absences remarquées, il semble avoir passé la plus grande partie de sa vie à S̲h̲īrāz, à se mouvoir pendant longtemps dans les cercles de cour ou proches de la cour de la dynastie muẓaffaride. Il serait mort à S̲h̲īrāz en 79…
Source:
Encyclopédie de l’Islam
Madīḥ, Madḥ
(10,443 words)
(a.), termes techniques normaux pour désigner, en arabe et dans d’autres littératures islamiques, le genre de la poésie panégyrique; un poème est généralement appelé
umdūḥa (pi.
amādiḥ) ou
maḍīḥa (pi.
madāʾīh), l’auteur lui-même,
madīḥ ou, considéré d’un point de vue professionnel,
maddāḥ. La racine est parfois employée sans acception technique, comme les autres radicaux impliquant l’idée de «louange»:
ḥ.m.d, m.d̲j̲.d, ḳ.r.ẓ.,
t̲h̲.n.y,ṭ.r.w/y, etc. I. — En arabe. Tant sous forme d’unité indépendante que de composante de la
ḳaṣīda [
q.v.], le genre est si répandu dans la l…
Source:
Encyclopédie de l’Islam
Mat̲h̲al
(14,333 words)
(a., pl.
amt̲h̲āl), proverbe, dicton populaire dérivé — de même que l’aram.
mat̲h̲lā, l’hébreu
mās̲h̲āl et l’éthiopien
mesl, mesālē — de la racine du sémitique commun signifiant «similitude, égalité, ressemblance, équivalence» (cf. accad.
mas̲h̲ālum «égalité»,
mis̲h̲lum «moitié»). «Créer un proverbe» se dit:
fa-arsala(t)hā, ou
d̲j̲aʿala(t)hu mat̲h̲alan, faḍaraba(t) bihi l-mat̲h̲ala et «devenir proverbial»:
ḍuriba bihilbihā l-mat̲h̲alu, mat̲h̲alun yuḍrabu, fa-d̲h̲ahaba(t) ou
d̲j̲arā/
d̲j̲arat mat̲h̲alan ou simplement
fa-ṣāra mat̲h̲alan. I. En Arabe. I. Définition II…
Source:
Encyclopédie de l’Islam