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In medical history, the terms “ Arabism” and “ Arabists” refer to the trend among mediaeval European physicians to rely on Arabic medical works that incorporated and expanded upon the Greek tradition. Beginning in about the late-fifteenth century, this approach came under attack by humanists who argued for a return to the Greek sources. The learned medicine of the Western Middle Ages from the twelfth century onwards was largely based upon the Latin translations of the classics that came via the Arabs and on compendia such as those of Isḥāq b. Sulay…