Gray, Christine Keywords: Afghanistan | Iraq | Self-defence | Targeted killings | Use of force | Intervention | Responsibility to protect | Humanitarian intervention | Mots clefs: ABSTRACT This course starts by pointing out that some scholars are in favor of a widened use of force. The first chapter is dedicated to the use of force under self-defense, and through many examples shows the limits and the exceptions of the self-defense doctrine in international law. A second chapter is dedicated to the situations of targeted k…