Mandelstam, André Keywords: Minorities | Protection | Mots clefs: Minorités | Protection | ABSTRACT The first part of the course of Andre Mandelstam is devoted to the origins of minority rights: protection of human rights in the countries of Christianity, human intervention in Turkey and its repercussions in Europe, protection of human and national rights in the doctrine of international law, influence of social factors on the protection of minorities (socialism, pacifism, Jewish action), attitudes of allied …