Arthur Smith, Herbert Keywords: Naval warfare | Laws of war | Mots clefs: Guerre maritime | Droit de la guerre | ABSTRACT The rules of maritime warfare have always been a subject of controversy, emphasizes Herbert Arthur Smith in the introduction to his course, and no author dealing with these issues can claim to see these conclusions being accepted unanimously. The author focuses on the nature and goals of maritime warfare, seizure of enemy property, smuggling of war, visit, military occupation of the high seas, dis…

Sandiford, Roberto Keywords: Aerial warfare | Laws of war | Naval warfare | International humanitarian law | Mots clefs: Guerre aérienne | Droit de la guerre | Guerre maritime | ABSTRACT Roberto Sandiford, in the introduction of the course, explains that war gives rise to legal relationships between belligerents, on one hand, and between belligerents and States who do not take part in the war on the other hand, relationships which can have land, sea, or air as field. The author studies these relationships by starting with a p…

Gardot, André Keywords: France | Laws of war | International humanitarian law | Mots clefs: France | Droit de la guerre | ABSTRACT Andre Gardot devotes his study to the law of war as understood by French captains of the 16th century. After an initial presentation of these people and their works, the author focuses on the issues that arise before the war, next on the issues that arise during hostilities, and of course on the issues that arise after hostilities. The last chapter focuses on the establishment of filiations and relations between the fundamental ideas of the sponsors. André Gardot …

A. Marin, Miguel Keywords: Laws of war | International humanitarian law | Mots clefs: Droit de la guerre | ABSTRACT The aim of Miguel Marin's course is to study the status of the laws of war as it has been introduced in 1957, which implies that war is a fact and the laws of war have been a major concern of humanity throughout history. After tracing the historical evolution of the laws of war, the author focuses on development of the laws of war prior to and during the First World War, of the laws of war between the…

V. A. Röling, B. Keywords: Laws of war | Judicial competence | International criminal law | International humanitarian law | Mots clefs: Droit de la guerre | Compétence étatique | Droit pénal international | Droit humanitaire international | ABSTRACT B.V.A. Roeling's course discusses the relationship between the law of war and the repression of war criminals during the post-war period. The author successively examines the right and duty to punish war criminals, the jurisdiction of the court and some excuses or mitigating circumstance…

Pinto, Roger Keywords: Civil waLaws of war | International humanitarian law | Mots clefs: Guerres civiles | Droit de la guerre | Droit humanitaire international | ABSTRACT Contemporary international law, according to Roger Pinto, while not prohibiting the civil war, affirms the illegality of international war. Despite the de facto interferences between civil wars and international wars, the legal status of these two types of armed conflict is therefore distinct if not always different. The first task of the lawyer is ther…

E. Nahlik, Stanisław Keywords: Monuments of architecture, art or history | Cultural heritage | Protection | Laws of war | Mots clefs: Monuments d’architecture, d art ou historiques | Droit de la guerre | ABSTRACT The rules concerning the international protection of cultural wealth in case of armed conflict have been codified in the form of Hague Convention in 1954. This convention until now (1967) constitutes the peak of a long historical process which Stanislaw Nahlik intends to study. In order to explain the policy of internati…

Migliazza, Alessandro Keywords: Human rights | Laws of war | Use of force | International relations | International humanitarian law | Mots clefs: Droits de l homme | Droit de la guerre | Force | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT Alessandro Migliazza states that from the beginning of civilization, men faithful to the spirit of humanity have multiplied their efforts to prevent war and to regulate armed conflict. The efforts have laid the foundations of people’s rights: jus ad bellum and jus in bello are the first and perhaps the most important chapters in the science of int…