Dupuis, René Keywords: Europe | International relations | Mots clefs: Europe | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT By a sort of original sin which greatly affects the political destinies of humanity, people have almost always revolted against the multinational fact, explains Rene Dupuis. They have almost always tended to dominate each other, until one of them, at the end of this sterile and exhausting process, which is tiring and unproductive, managed to rule over each other and establish a “Global State”. How…

Dupuis, Charles Keywords: Communications | International relations | Law of treaties | Intervention | State responsibility | Sanctions | Mots clefs: Communications | Relations internationales | Droit des traités | Intervention et non-intervention | Responsabilité des Etats | Sanctions | ABSTRACT The issue of the Freedom of Communication Paths, emphasizes Charles Dupuis in the introduction to his course, is one of the issues in which the opposition, not to say the antagonism, of nationalism and internationalism, the sovereignty of State…

H. M. Waldock C.M.G. O.B.E. Q.C., C. Keywords: Use of force | International relations | Mots clefs: Force | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT C. H. M. Waldock devotes his course to the regime of the use of force by States in international law. After presenting the issue in the light of international custom, he examines the regime established by the system of the League of Nations, and then the state of the issue under the Charter of the United Nations. He then focuses on the issue of legitimate-defense and self-def…

Pinto, Mónica Keywords: United Nations | Security Council | Charter | Use of force | International relations | Self-defence | International Court of Justice | Case-law | Mots clefs: Nations Unies | Conseil de sécurité | Chartre | Force | Relations internationales | Défense légitime | Cour internationale de Justice | Jurisprudence | ABSTRACT The course of Mrs. Monica Pinto, Professor at the University of Buenos Aires, proposes to retrace the history of the characterizations of the use of force in the light of the jurisprudence of international court…

S. Mcdougal, Myres Keywords: Public international law | International relations | Legal theory | Mots clefs: Droit international public | Relations internationales | Théorie du droit | ABSTRACT After an introduction to the tasks of a politically-oriented law in the 1950s, Myres S. McDougal presents the inadequate aspects of contemporary theory about international law. He then discusses public international law as a research framework as it relates to world social and power contexts and processes. Finally, he focuses on the…

Truyol Y Serra, Antonio Keywords: Sociology | Public international law | International relations | Mots clefs: Sociologie | Droit international public | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT Antonio Truyol y Serra explains that the study he undertakes in this course confines on the borders of the sociology of international law and the theory of international relations. He begins his research with a presentation of the concept of international society. He then discusses the genesis and evolution of global international soc…

Migliazza, Alessandro Keywords: Human rights | Laws of war | Use of force | International relations | International humanitarian law | Mots clefs: Droits de l homme | Droit de la guerre | Force | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT Alessandro Migliazza states that from the beginning of civilization, men faithful to the spirit of humanity have multiplied their efforts to prevent war and to regulate armed conflict. The efforts have laid the foundations of people’s rights: jus ad bellum and jus in bello are the first and perhaps the most important chapters in the science of int…

Klein, Pierre Keywords: United Nations | Terrorism | International peace and security | International politics | Use of force | International relations | Human rights | Mots clefs: Nations Unies | Terrorisme | Sécurité internationale | Politique internationale | Force | Relations internationales | Droits de l'homme | ABSTRACT Pierre Klein, Professor at the Université libre de Bruxelles, begins his course by identifying the very notion of terrorism to report on the impact of terrorism on international law. He then takes a step backward and plac…

I. Tunkin, Grigory Keywords: Peaceful coexistence | Public international law | International relations | Mots clefs: Coexistence pacifique | Droit international public | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT Grigory I. Tunkin begins his course on Coexistence and International Law with a study of creation of norms of general international law (he deals with the question of the sources of public international law). He then focuses on the foundation of contemporary international law, the impact of coexistence on public intern…

Boulouis, Jean Keywords: European Communities | International relations | Court of Justice of the European Communities | Case-law | Mots clefs: Communautés européennes | Relations internationales | Cour de justice des Communautés européennes | Jurisprudence | ABSTRACT The aim of Jean Boulouis’ course is to analyze the Case Law of the Court of Justice of the European Communities related to their external relations. He examines the questions which, in the field of external relations, have been submitted to the judge and the answers w…

Wehberg, Hans Keywords: Use of force | International relations | Mots clefs: Force | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT In his course, Hans Wehberg explores the extent to which the evolution of international law is reflected in jus belli at the time of writing the course, what has been achieved so far, and the gaps that remain to be filled in this area. After a chapter devoted to the war according to scholastic doctrine, the author examines the law of war in European public law, the Kellogg Pact, the prohibitio…

Brown SCOTT, James Keywords: Human rights | International relations | Mots clefs: Droits de l'homme | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT Although James Brown Scott’s course deals with a specific subject of legal equality in international relations, it is in fact actually presented in two forms. The first form of the course is an overview of the concept of legal equality, and the second form is the application of the principle to three concrete situations, which concern exclusively America. The author successively…

Galenskaya, Liudmila Keywords: Cultural heritage | Cultural co-operation | Culture | International relations | Mots clefs: Coopération culturelle | Culture | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT In this study of international cultural cooperation, Liudmila Galenskaya, Professor at the University of Leningrad, uses the British Council’s definition of culture: The culture includes the arts, education, the sciences and all social and intellectual exchanges. Based on this definition, the author begins her course by presenti…

Slaughter, Anne-Marie Keywords: International law | International relations | Nongovernmental organizations | Mots clefs: Droit international | Relations internationales | Organisations non-gouvernementales | ABSTRACT Anne-Marie Slaughter, Professor at Harvard University, devotes her course to the relation between international law and international relations. In the first part Professor Slaughter examines the principal theories concerning international relations. Professor Slaughter examines in particular what interna…

Mirkine-Guetzêvitch, Boris Keywords: Parliaments | International relations | Foreign policy | Mots clefs: Parlement | Relations internationales | Politique étrangère | ABSTRACT Boris Mirkine-Guetzevitch explains in his introduction to the course that a study of the parliamentary technique of international relations involves an analysis of the different forms of participation of parliaments in the conduct of foreign policy. The author successively presents the evolution of the representative regime from the point of v…

Sicilianos, Linos-Alexandre Keywords: United Nations | Security Council | Charter | Use of force | International relations | Collective security | Mots clefs: Nations Unies | Conseil de sécurité | Charte | Force | Relations internationales | Sécurité collective | ABSTRACT In the introduction to his course, Linos-Alexandre Sicilianos, Associate Professor at the University of Athens, notes that the theme of the Security Council's authorization to use force lies at the centre of two contradictory trends that mark contemporary evolution of…

Giraud, Émile Keywords: Self-defence | Use of force | International relations | Mots clefs: Défense légitime | Force | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT The author explains that the purpose of Emile Giraud's course is not to present and defend a thesis, but to explain an inherent right related to self-defence. To do this, the author begins with a comparison of self-defence in domestic law and international law. The author then poses the question of when there will be self-defence. Finally, the author studies its effects. Le cours d'Emile Giraud n'a pas pour but de présenter e…

R. P. Professeur Edmund A. Walsh, S. J., Le Keywords: International relations | Mots clefs: Relations internationales | ABSTRACT The aim of Edmund Walsh’s course is to address the issue of the fundamental principles which govern, or rather, which should govern the relationships between nations. After a presentation of the philosophy of these principles, the author presents the evolution of relationships between States. He then focuses on two pairs of notions which he puts through: nationalism and sovereignty on on…

M. Schwebel, S. Keywords: Aggression | Self-defence | Use of force | International relations | Intervention | Mots clefs: Agression | Défense légitime | Force | Relations internationales | Intervention et non-intervention | ABSTRACT S.M. Schwebel's course deals with the issues of aggression, intervention, and self-defence in the context of the question of the definition of aggression. After a first chapter on the need and importance of the definition of the concept of aggression, the author examines several types of approaches t…

Hamburger, Ernest Keywords: Human rights | International relations | Mots clefs: Droits de l homme | Relations internationales | ABSTRACT The course of Ernest Hamburger aims to clarify the relationship between the historical development of two phenomena: international relations and human rights. The goal of Ernest Hamburger's study is to draw attention to a field of research that has not been sufficiently explored so far, to open up perspectives and to make suggestions to scholars. The author begins his course by f…