[German version] Fortified city of the Marsi [1], not located, conquered, like the two neighbouring - also unlocated - cities of Milionia and Fresilia, in 302 BC by the Roman dictator M. Valerius Maximus (according to Liv. 10,3,5; less likely by his father M. Valerius Corvus, as the Acta Triumphalia CIL I2 p. 171 write for 301 BC, however) after a victory over the Marsi and set free again after the conclusion of a treaty. Gulletta, Maria Ida (Pisa)

[German version] Town of the  Marsi (CIL IX 3839; 3845) on the upper reaches of the  Liris, modern Cività d'Antino. In the Roman imperial age, it was a municipium of the tribus Sergia. Remains of the town walls (polygonal stonework). Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart)

[German version] A lake that often overflows because it has no outlet (155 km2, 655 m above sea level) in the area of the Marsi between Sulmona and the national park of Abruzzo. Caesar contemplated draining it (Suet. Iul. 44), Augustus prevented it (Suet. Claud. 20), Claudius realized it in part by laying a 5.65 km long drainage to the Liris (Suet. Claud. 20f.), under Nero the project was stopped (Plin. HN 36,124). According to CIL IX 3915, renewed flooding in AD 117 made it necessary to reclaim the borderin…

[German version] (Μαρούιον; Maroúion). Vicus, later municipium, in Central Italy on the lacus Fucinus with a harbour settlement on the Aternus, modern S. Benedetto dei Marsi. Inhabited by Sabellian Marrubii or Marsi [2. 76], it was, from the 2nd cent. BC, dominant among its surrounding settlements (Str. 5,4,2; Sil. Pun. 8,510), and wealthy (Plin. HN 3,106). Various etymologies are cited for the place name [8]: the sea (Serv. Aen. 7,750), an eponymous commander (Cato in Prisc. 2,487,10; Serv. Aen. 7,75…

[German version] Italian people in Latium on the  Liris and its tributary Trerus or Tolerus (modern Sacco); here lay Anagnia, Ferentinum and Frusino on the via Latina, and further inland Verulae, Aletrium and Capitulum Hernicum. Possibly attested from the beginning of the Iron Age, they appear to have been the oldest Italian people who immigrated to Latium, possibly in connection with the migrations of the Sabini (Serv. Aen. 7,684) or Marsi (Paul Fest. 89 L.). Laevus Cispius of Anagnia supported Tullus Hostilius against …

[German version] Sabellian tribe of the Adriatic coast on the lower course of the Aternus (Ptol. 3,1,20), with the main settlement at Teate (Plin. HN 3,106; also Teate Marrucinorum, CIL VI 2379, and Teate Marrucino, Itin. Anton. 310), modern Chieti; neighbours of the Vestini, Paeligni and Frentani (Str. 5,4,2). In 304 BC, they concluded a peace treaty with Rome and an alliance (Liv. 9,45,18), which they upheld until the outbreak of the Social War [3] (91 BC) (App. B Civ. 1,39). Together with the Vestini, Marsi and Frentani, the …

[German version] Italian tribe in the Appennines midway along the river Aternus in the neighbourhood of the Vestini, Marrucini, Marsi [1] and Frentani (Str. 5,2,1; 5,3,4; 5,3,11; Liv. 9,19,4; 26,11,11). They inhabited a cold (Hor. Carm. 3,19,8; Ov. Tr. 4,10,3) and water-rich mountain region (Ov. Am. 2,1,1). Together with the Vestini they had access to the sea by means of the Aternus (Str. 5,4,2); moreover the coast around Hortona and the mouth of the Sarus (Ptol. 3,1,19) were also regarded as Pael…

[German version] Samnite tribe in Samnium from mons Taburnus to the valleys of Volturnus, Calor, the upper Aufidus as far as mons Vultur. The name H. probably derives from that of the wolf ( hirpus), holy to the H., which was said to have led the H. into their area of settlement from the north (Str. 5,4,12). During the Iron Age, they are represented by the Cairano culture and the Fossa culture of Caudium. The area of the H. encompassed Caudium, Malventum, Aeculanum, Romulea, Aquilonia [2] and Compsa, as well as the Abellinates, …

[German version] Oscan Samnite tribe in central Italy between  Latini,  Marsi, and  Hernici. In the 5th and 4th cents. BC, the A. fought against Rome. They occupied Latin towns and attempted to gain control of the Algido valley where, in 458 BC, they encircled the army of the consul L. Minucius, but were defeated by  Cincinnatus (Liv. 3,25-29; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 10,22-25). In 431 BC, they suffered defeat at the hand of the dictator A. Postumius Tubertus (Liv. 4,27-29; Diod. Sic. 12,64; Plut. Cam…

I. Geography and history [German version] A. The name and its development The name I. acquired its modern meaning during the Augustan period; it originally described the kingdom of the Oenotrian ruler Italus, comprising the Bruttian peninsula from Sila to Scylletium (Antiochus FGrH 555 F 5; according to Hecat. FGrH 1 F 41,51-53, Medma, Locris, Caulonia, and Krotalla were in I.). Hellanicus links I. with the term vitulus (‘calf’) and the legend of the calf of  Geryoneus which had run away from Hercules (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 1,35); Timaeus associates the name wit…