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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Sassanids | Byzantium | Christianity | Xenophon | Zenobia | | Coloniae | Commerce | Ḫattusa | Asia Minor | Asia Minor | Rome (Ἰκόνιον; Ikónion, modern Konya). The most important city in Lycaonia developed out of a prehistoric settle…

KONYA (Ar. Qunia, L. Iconium, Gk. Ikonion), a city in central Anatolia, present-day Turkey (lat 37° 52′ N, long 32° 29′ E) with a population of 2,180,149 in 2017. Hardly anything of the Roman and Byzantine city remains in the modern city of Konya; the Byzantine church of Hagios Amphilochus, known locally as Eflatun Camii (Eflatun Mosque), was destroyed in the 1920s (Eyice). Many spolia were used in the Saljuq rebuilding of the late antique and Byzantine city walls, together with new carvings. Documented in Charles Texier’…

[German version] A. ( 340/345 in  Cappadocia, † after 394) was a student of  Libanius and rhetorician in Constantinople. In 370 he returned to Cappadocia and at the instigation of  Basilius the Great became bishop of  Iconium in the newly created province of  Lycaonia in 373. He created an ecclesiastical administration in his episcopacy and defended it against the  Messalians and…

[German Version] (c. 340/345–400). Amphilochius was the cousin of Gregory of Nazianzus and a student of Libanius. After practicing law in Constantinople c. 365–371, he became an ascetic. In the fall of 373, he became metropolitan of the new ecclesiastical province of Lycaonia, which he reorganized and strengthened (church discipline, new dioceses, conflict with pagans and heretics, etc.). As an ally of Basil the Great, he contributed significantly to the victory of Basil's doctrine of the Trinity (Neo-Niceanism) in Asia Minor – for example, by his Epistola synodica against the Pneumatomachi in the name of a synod held at Lycaonia in 377 and upholding “normative episcopacy” following the Council of Constantinople in 381 (Constantinople/Byzantium). By his writings and enforcement of ecclesiastical law, he defended the monastic spirituality of the Catholic Church against radical enthusiasts and Messalians on many occasions, including the Synod of Side (c. 390). His work contributed significantly to stabilizing the imperial church.…

Amphilochius of Iconium (ca. 340-403; bishop) Addressee of Letter 25 33,79,8 Lit.: K. Holl, Amphilochius von Ik…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Christianity | | Coloniae | Ḫattusa (Λύστρα; Lýstra), modern Hatunsaray; south-west of Iconium (Turkey). Founded by Augustus as a Roman colony in the province of Galatia [1. 51-53, 153-156, 195-197]. Christianized by the Apostle Paul during his 1st and 2nd missionary journey (Acts 14:6-20; 16:1-3; 2 Tim 3:11). Around 370 annexed to the new province of Lycaonia. Attested as a diocese (suffragan of Iconium) from 380 [2. 200].…

[German version] (Κάν[ν]α; Kán[n]a). Town in eastern Lycaonia, modern Beşağıl (formerly Gene), east of  Iconium on the road from Amorium to the Cilician Gates [1. 100f., 185]. Seen by Ptol. 5,6,15 as part of Lycaonia (within Cappadocia). From AD 381 at the latest, there was a diocese in Lycaonia (suffragan of Iconium), which continued to exist into the 12th cent. [1. 185]. Inscriptions, amongst those two which bear the town's name, are extant from the 2nd cent. AD [2] onwards.…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: | Diadochi and Epigoni (Λάρανδα; Láranda). Hellenistic city in southern Lycaonia, modern Karaman, became part of Galatia in 25 BC and under Antoninus Pius belonged to the treís eparchíai. Member of the koinón Lykaonías with the honorary title of ( Sebastḗ) Mētrópolis (coins) [1. 25-32, 43f.]. Under Diocletianus annexed to the province of Isauria, around 370 to Lycaonia. Bishops known from the 3rd cent., from about 370 suffragan of Iconium [2. 197f.].…

Instruction in the Catholic faith to the sultan Alexander III Date: Probably 1177 or 1178 Original Language: Latin Description The text, preserved in the correspondence of Peter of Blois, who was part of the papal curia in 1177-78, takes the form of a short letter (8 columns in the PL text) addressed by the pope to the sultan of Iconium (who is not named). The pope says that the sultan has made known, through letters and messengers, that he wishes to convert to Christianity. The sultan has already received a number of bibl…

[German Version] Thecla of Iconium, apostle and martyr, was one of the most revered saints of early Christianity. The originally oral tradition of her life is now preserved as t…

[English Version] von Iconium (ca. 340/45–400), Vetter  Gregors von Nazianz, Schüler des Libanios, Advokat in Konstantinopel ca. 365–371, danach Asket, organisierte seit Herbst 373 als Metropolit der neuen Provinz Lykaonien dort die kirchl. Neuordnung (Kirchenzucht, Bistumsgründungen, Kampf gegen Heiden und Häretiker u.a.). Als Mitstreiter des Basilius von Caesarea trug er maßgeblich bei zur Durchsetzung von dessen Trinitätslehre (Neunicaenismus) in Kleinasien: z.B. durch das Lehrschreiben gegen die Pneumatomachen auf einer…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Christianity (Δέρβη; Dérbē). City in the south of Lycaonia, now Devri Şehri, north-east of  Laranda. Known first as the residence of Antipater of D. (Cic. Fam. 13,73; Str. 12,1,4; 6,3). The Apostle Paul visited the city on his first and second missionary journeys (Acts 14,6; 16,1). Assigned by Ptolemy to the ‘Cappadocian’ stratēgía Antiochiánē…

[German version] (Κόραλις λίμνη ( Kóralis límnē), erroneously often found as Κάραλις ( Káralis) [1. 3]). One of the most important lakes of central Anatolia between Lycaonia and Pisidia, today's Beyşehir Gölü. Only Str. 12,6,1 refers to it by the name of C.; in the Byzantine Middle Ages, it is usually called Pousgoýse límnē (Πουσγούση λίμνη). The drain of the lake flows through the south-eastern Trogítis límnē (today's Suğla Gölü), which is significantly smaller and largely drained today, and it irri…

[English Version] (ca.300 Iconium, Kleinasien – ca.350), Eremit, wurde während der Christenverfolgungen (: I.) gefangengesetzt, nach seinem Biograph unter Aurelian (gest.275), doch wahrscheinlich später. Er ging nach Jerusalem und ließ sich in einer Höhle bei Pharan nieder, die zuvor ein Räuberversteck gewesen war. Weitere Mönche stießen zu ihm, und Bf. Macarius von Jerusalem (314–333) weihte die Kirche des neuen Klosters. Er gründete zwei weitere Klöster, Douka auf dem Berg der Versuchung, und S…

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[German Version] (c. 300, Iconium, Asia Minor – c. 350, as a hermit) was imprisoned during persecuation (Persecutions of Christians: I) according to his biographer under Aurelian (died 275), but more likely later. He went to Jerusalem and settled in a cave at Pharan, which had previously been a robbers' hide-out. He was joined by other monks, and archbishop Macarius of Jerusalem (314–333) consecrated a church in the new monastery. He founded two other monasteries…

Christian martyrological text.A version of this article is available in printVolume VI, Fascicle 5, pp. 512 CYRIACUS AND JULITTA, ACTS OF, Christian martyrological text. The Greek original is lost, but versions survive in several languages, including Latin, Armenian, Syriac, and Arabic. Part of a Sogdian version, translated from the Sy…

[German version] (Θέκλα/ Thékla, Latin Thecla). Despite the only relatively late literary evidence (Paul, Acts of; end of the 2nd cent. AD) for Paul's pupil T., she went on to become the most prominent female saint of Christian Late Antiquity. A sermon by Paul on abstinence motivated the young woman from Iconium in Asia Minor to abandon her plans to marry, in order to follow the Apostle instead. By miraculous divine interventions, T. survived two death sen…

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