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(Class. Gk. Nauplīa, A. Anaboli, vern. Gk. Anāpli[on], Lat. Anapoli Romaniae, Ital. Napoli di Romania, Tk. AnaboluTnebolu), a coastal town and capital of Argolis nomos ( = diocese), in northeastern Morea [see mora ] or Peloponnesos, 13 km southeast of Argos (A. Arg̲h̲o, Tk. Arhos). A handy refuge for mariners, it is situated at the head of the Argolic Gulf, sitting on the northern slope of twin crags, the western Akronauplīa (Hellenistic/ Roman/Byzantine/Frankish), i.e. Tkish. Ič Ḳalʿe, forming a small peninsula in the bay, and…

, the name of three rivers of Anatolia which are known in modern Turkish by this name, usually preceded by the pertinent epithet: Büyük ("Big"), Küçük ("Little"), and Eski ("Old"). They are the classical Maiandros, Kaystros and Skamandros. 1. Büyük Menderes . It is part of the geological and hydrological features of western Anatolia that consist of latitudinal mountain chains flanking long valleys, the latter used and enlarged by rivers that flow into the Aegean Sea. These valleys, the mountain slopes along them a…

(a. Irūda, t. Anavarin), a seaport of the southwestern Morea [see mora ] or Peloponnesos, in Messenia, associated with modern Pylos town, which was built between 1828 and 1832 (population in 1971, 2,258), and situated behind the southern headland of Navarino Bay, a deepwater channel, as capital of Pylia eparchia ( = province) of Messenia nomos ( = diocese). Locally called Neokastron (“new fortress”) after the 16th century Turkish fortifications, it should not be confused with the 13th century Frankish Palaiokastron (“old fortre…

, Turkish for Morea, the usual name in mediaeval and modern times for the peninsula of the Peloponnesus (which itself appears in Arabic geographical sources in forms like the B.L.būn.s of Ibn Ḥawḳal, ed. Kramers, 194, tr. Kramers and Wiet, 189), regarded in ancient times as the heartland of Greece. For the various forms of the name, see Bées, EI 1, s.v. 1. The pre-Ottoman period to 1460. This may subdivided into (a) the Byzantine period to 1204 and the Frankish one to 1262 (or to the late early 16th century for certain areas); and (b) the Byzantine despotate of Morea to 1458/1460. The pre-1262 pe…

(926-74/1520-66), the tenth and most illustrious of the Ottoman sultans. There is a tradition of western origin, still current, according to which he was really Süleymān II, but that tradition has been based on an erroneous assumption that Süleymān Čelebi [ q.v.] was to be recognised as a legitimate sultan; he was one of the sons of Bāyezīd I, who established himself at Adrianople after his defeat at Ankara. He received the epithet Ḳānūnī “the lawgiver” at an unspecified date; this is first mentioned at the beginning of the 18th century in the work of the historian D…