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[German version] [1] City in the 4th upper Egyptian nome This item can be found on the following maps: Egypt | Commerce | Egypt The Egyptian Thebes, city in the 4th upper Egyptian nome. Quack, Joachim (Berlin) [German version] I. Names Actually Ws.t ('the strong'), from which derived, no later than the 17th dynasty, a female personification Ws.t nḫt.tj ('victorious Thebes'). Beginning with the Middle Kingdom ( c. 1990-1630 BC), often called simply njw.t, 'the city (par excellence)' - from which also the Hebrew form no (Ez 30:14 f.; Jer 46:25; Nahum 3:8) and Assyrian Ne [10. 260] -- o…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Boeotia, Boeotians (Κῶπαι; Kôpai). Boeotian town located on a hill on the north-eastern shore of a lake named after it. The town was already listed in the catalogue of ships (Hom. Il. 2,502, Str. 9,2,18; Paus. 9,24,1), today's Kastron (formerly Topolia). Populated since Proto-Geometric periods, the ancient remnants are mostly covered by modern buildings. The region of C. comprised the north-eastern bay of Lake C. with the still unidentified, late …

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Boeotia, Boeotians (Σκῶλος; Sk ôlos). Settlement in Boeotia (Hom. Il. 2,498: kṓmē), to the south of modern Neochorakion, to the north of Asopus [2] (Paus. 9,4,4; finds from the Mycenaean to the Roman periods [2; 4; 5; 6; 7], otherwise [1; 8]; relocated in 395 BC: [3]). S. was in the territory of Thebae, but from time to time of Plataeae (Str. 9,2,23 f.; as pólis only in Steph. Byz. s. v. Σ.). S. was part of a region of the Boeotian League that depended on Thebae. Its population was evacuated to Thebae in 43…

[German version] (Τιλφώσ(σ)ιον, Τιλφούσιον; Tilphṓs(s)ion, Tilphoúsion). The northern part (up to more than 1000 m elevation) of the eastern Helicon [1] between Haliartus and Coronea. To the northeast of Alalcomenae [1] on the summit of Petra (ancient T.) was a pass controlling the most important east-west-route in central Greece. The well Tilphusa [1. vol. 2, 222-224; vol. 3, 60-62] and the grave of Teiresias (Ath. 2,41e; Apollod. 3,7,3) [1. vol. 3, 38 f.] were there, as was a fort fought over in th…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Oracles (Τέγυρα, Τεγύρα; Tégyra, Tegýra). Place in Boeotia to the north of Orchomenus [1] on the northwestern bay of the Copais at modern Poligira (name of a piece of farmland and a stream) about 2 km to the north of modern Dionisos (earlier Tsamali; [1. 45-50; 3. 323, 325-328; 4. 104-109]; an earlier approach assumed T. to be  Aspledon, see [2. 360-373]). It was there that Pelopidas was victorious over two Spartan mórai ( Móra [1]) in 375 BC. At T.: temple of Apollo and oracle (closed after t…

[German version] (Σαλγανεύς/ Salganeús). Site on the east coast of Boeotia between Chalcis [1] and Anthedon, on a hill whose modern name is Lithosoros (documented as Solganiko until the 19th cent.), 2.5 km west of modern Drosiá (Ephor. FGrH 70 F 119; Heracl. 1,26). S. was the name of the Boeotian pilot who guided the Persians through the Strait of Euripus [1] (Str. 9,2,9; cf. [1.13-15]) and whom they rashly executed there in 480 BC. The site was settled from the Neolithic until the Late Mycenean Period [2.79 f.; 3]; in the Hellenistic Period it played a role…