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[German Version] Missionary activity from Scotland began in 1742, when the Society in Scotland for Promoting Christian Knowledge, formed primarily for evangelism and education in the Scottish Highlands, supported the American David Brainerd’s work among ¶ Native Americans. Glasgow and Edinburgh Missionary Societies, on London Missionary Society lines, were formed in 1796 and sent missionaries to Jamaica, India, Africa, and the Russian Empire. In 1796 the Church of Scotland decided not to support the societies nor to begin its own …

[German Version] (Apr 24, 1806, Moulin, Perthshire – Feb 12, 1878, Sidmouth, Devon). Duff's home was evangelical. At the University of St. Andrews Duff was influenced by T. Chalmers and helped to found a student missionary society. In 1829 he was appointed the first missionary of the Church of Scotland. Arriving in Calcutta in 1831, he opened a school combining Christian …

[German Version] I. History – II. Mission Studies: Universalization of Education I. History Only rarely did the earliest missions of the medieval religious orders establish schools; they showed little interest in developing a new generation of indigenous candidates for the priesthood. The Jesuits, however, made schools one of the central interests of their society, introducing Humanist influence into their early mission schools. In their worldwide network of schools and academies, pre-Christian classical l…

[German Version] ( née Spurr; Aug 12, 1774, Sheffield–Mar 31, 1832 off Liberia). Hannah Spurr married Alexander Kilham, leader of the Methodist New Connexion, in 1798; he died the same year. She joined the Society of Friends (Quakers/Society of Friends) and was active in schools, Bible Societies, poor relief and anti-slavery. She proposed Quaker educational missions to Africa and a College of African Languages to educate African teachers and produce reading materials. With two sailors from the Gamb…

[German Version] (Dec 6, 1809 [?], Twyford, Winchester – Aug 12, 1890, Accra, Ghana) was the son of a black gardener and a farm worker's daughter. Dismissed from his post as gardener and botanist to a landowner because of his Methodist (Methodists) activities, he was sent as a Wesleyan missionary to the Gold Coast (Ghana) in 1838. The mission, originating from African initiatives, was suffering because of heavy mortality among missionaries. Freeman sought to extend the mission into the inland stat…

[German Version] (CSCNWW). The CSCNWW was created to promote the study of Christian history, thought, and life in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Caribbean America, and Oceania, and to collect relevant source material. Founded in 1982 by Andrew Walls in Aberdeen, the CSCNWW moved to the University of Edinburgh in 1986. Its main fields of activity are: 1. postgraduate teaching and research (tutorials for doctoral students, a Master's course propaedeutic to research,…

[German Version] I. The Conference – II. Reception in Asia, Africa, and Latin America – III. Ecumenical Significance I. The Conference The “World Missionary Conference to consider Missionary Problems in relation to the Non-Christian World” met in the assembly hall of the United Free Church of Scotland in Edinburgh from Jun 14 to 23, 1910. Originally conceived as a successor to the conferences of London …

[German Version] I. General – II. The West – III. Theology and Practical Theology – IV. Orthodox Churches – V. Asia, Africa, Latin America I. General Churches are built to provide a physical setting for the Christian celebration of the Eucharist, in order to shelter it and also to give it a place of prominence set apart from the outside world. The Bible does not discuss the legitimation and need for churches as distinct structures; historically, church buildings made their first appearance at th…

[German Version] I. History of Religion – II. New Testament – III. Church History – IV. Dogmatics – V. Practical Theology – VI. History of Liturgy – VII. Law – VIII. Missions – IX. Art I. History of Religion From the standpoint of the history of religion, baptism is not a general type of rite (Rite and ritual) but a lustration ritual that is carried out not only in Christianity but also in historically related religions such as …