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[German Version] I. Geography North Africa, from the Atlantic in the west (Arab. Maġrib)to the Sinai Peninsula in the east (Arab. Mašriq), includes the following countries (from east to west): Egypt (1,002,000 km2, population roughly 62 million, capital Cairo), Libya (1,775,000 km2, population roughly 6 million, capital Tripoli), Tunisia (163,000 km2, population roughly 10 million, capital Tunis), Algeria(2,381,000 km2, population roughly 31 million, capital Algiers), and Morocco (459,000 km2 not counting occupied territories in the western Sahara, population ro…

[German Version] (Jan 28, 1903, Riga – Aug 18, 1994, Jerusalem). Born into an orthodox Jewish family, Leibowitz studied in Berlin and Cologne. He emigrated to Palestine in 1935 and worked as a biochemist at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, although he became known as a philosopher. Leibowitz's philosophy may be characterized as a synthesis of ¶ his scientific insights, of his extensive knowledge in the field of Jewish philosophy and Jewish literature, and of the European intellectual tradition in general. Influenced by M. Maimonides and I. Kant in …

[German Version] Mimuna, a feast peculiar to Jews of Moroccan heritage (Morocco). On the seventh evening of Passover (Feasts and festivals: II; III) neighbors, family, and friends are invited, and traditional foods are offered. On the next day, the Jewish community comes together to celebrate a common festival in a park, a forest or on a beach near one of the Moroccan cities such as Rabat, Marrakesh or Casablanca. The historical roots of the feast are unclear. Mimuna suggests Maimon, which is the name of a famous rabbi from Fes, who presumably died on the seventh day of Pa…

[English Version] I. Geographische Lage und Länder N., der Raum zw. dem Atlantik im Westen (arab. Maġrib) und der Sinai-Halbinsel im Osten (arab. Masˇriq), umfaßt heute, von Osten nach Westen, die Länder Ägypten (1 002 000 km 2, ca.62 Mio. Einwohner, Hauptstadt Kairo), Libyen (1 775 000 km 2, ca.6 Mio. Einwohner, Hauptstadt Tripolis), Tunesien (163 000 km 2, ca.10 Mio. Einwohner, Hauptstadt Tunis), Algerien (2 381 000 km 2, ca.31 Mio. Einwohner, Hauptstadt Algier) und Marokko (459 000 km 2, ohne die besetzten Territorien in der Westsahara, ca.30 Mio. …