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Responsive Singing

(520 words)

Author(s): Bretschneider, Wolfgang
[German Version] is liturgical chant that alternates between different persons or ensembles. A large portion of the liturgical vocal repertory is responsive, as is only appropriate, given that by nature worship is ¶ primarily dialogical. Singing (or speaking) lengthy texts in unison is alien to the liturgy. Since earliest times, we find a variety of roles in all liturgical celebrat…

Widor, Charles-Marie

(182 words)

Author(s): Bretschneider, Wolfgang
[German Version] (Feb 21, 1844, Lyon – Mar 12, 1937, Paris), French composer and organist. Widor studied in Brussels with François-Joseph Fétis and Nicolas-Jacques Lemmens. From 1870 to 1933, he served as organist of the church of St.-Sulpice in Paris. After 1890 he taught organ at the Conservatoire de Musique; after 1896 he taught composition, succeeding Theodore Dubois. His students included Charles Tournemire, Louis Vierne, Marcel Dupré, and A. Schweitzer. The development of the symphonic organ (Cavaillé-Col)…

Litany

(1,010 words)

Author(s): Foley, Edward | Bretschneider, Wolfgang
[German Version] I. Liturgy – II. Music I. Liturgy Litanies (from λετανεία/ letaneía, “public supplication”) are common among many worship traditions. A singer performs invocations or prayer request, to which the congregation each time responds with an identical request (e.g. Kyrie). Litanic patterns appear in the Old Testament (e.g. Ps. 136). Extra-biblical Jewish litanies include the selihot, based on Exod 34:6f., originally composed for days of fasting. While evidence for …

Sanctus

(503 words)

Author(s): Ruff, Anthony William | Bretschneider, Wolfgang
[German Version] I. Liturgy The Sanctus is an acclamation sung after the preface of the Eucharistic prayer. It is virtually universally used in the East and West in liturgical tradi…

Vespers

(1,708 words)

Author(s): Häußling, Angelus A. | Ratzmann, Wolfgang | Felmy, Karl Christian | Bretschneider, Wolfgang
[German Version] I. History The evening service of the Western churches in the the Liturgy of the Hours has been shaped by various traditions. Congregations gather for a liturgy of the Word in which certain Psalms are sung, Bible lessons are read, sermons are preached, and prayers are offered. Monastic communities include this service in their systematic recitation of the entire Psalter in course ( Psalterium currens). A tradition associated with house churches and cathedral churches adop…

Sanctus

(428 words)

Author(s): Ruff, Anthony William | Bretschneider, Wolfgang
[English Version] I. Liturgisch Das S. ist eine Akklamation, die nach der Präfation des eucharistischen Hochgebets gesungen wird. Es findet praktisch überall in westlichen wie östlichen Liturgien Verwendung, zunehmend auch in ref. Gottesdienstordnungen. Der Text des S. bringt die Einheit von irdischer und himmlischer Liturgie zur Anbetung Gottes zum Ausdruck. Textgrundlage ist das Trishagion aus der Vision Jesajas (Jes 6,3; vgl. Apk 4,8) mit anschließendem Benedictus, das wie das Trishagion mit einem Hosianna-Ruf endet (vgl. M…

Wechselgesang

(465 words)

Author(s): Bretschneider, Wolfgang
[English Version] Wechselgesang, liturgischer Gesang, der zw. verschiedenen Personen und/oder Ensembles ausgeführt wird. Ein Großteil des liturgischen Vokalrepertoires gestaltet sich als W. Dies wird dem Charakter des Gottesdienstes als einem primär dialogischen Geschehen überaus gerecht. Lange Texte gemeinsam zu singen (oder zu sprechen), ist der Liturgie fremd. Seit frühester Zeit stößt man bei allen liturgischen Feiern auf verschiedene Funktionsträger: Vorsteher, Kantoren, Scholen (Sängerschule…

Widor

(157 words)

Author(s): Bretschneider, Wolfgang
[English Version] Widor, Charles-Marie (21.2.1844 Lyon – 12.3…