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Cäcilianismus

(902 words)

Author(s): Körndle, Franz
C. bezeichnet eine von Regensburger Kirchenmusikern um die Mitte des 19. Jh.s ausgehende Bewegung, die eine Reform der kath. Kirchenmusik in der säkularisierten Welt und ihre liturgische Vertiefung zum Ziel hatte. 1868 kam es in einem zweiten Anlauf zur Gründung des »Allgemeinen Caecilienvereins«, 1870 erkannte Papst Pius IX. die neue Vereinigung an. Das von den Caecilianern vertretene Gedankengut wurzelte freilich nicht in neuen Ideen eines konservativen Regensburger Zirkels, sondern griff ganz bewusst auf ältere Traditionen zurück, die n…
Date: 2019-11-19

Klaviermusik

(1,661 words)

Author(s): Körndle, Franz
1. BegriffAls K. kann im weitesten Sinne jede Musik bezeichnet werden, die auf einem Tasteninstrument oder unter Mitwirkung eines Tasteninstruments gespielt wird. »Clavier« leitet sich vom lat. clavis (»Schlüssel«) ab, mit dem seit dem MA der (erklingende) Ton und seit dem 13. Jh. auch die Taste bezeichnet wurde. Damit ließen sich die Tasten – die in der Frühzeit (nachweisbar seit 1100) tatsächlich mit den Tonbuchstaben beschriftet waren – als Schlüssel zu den Tönen verstehen. Dem entsprechen auch das engl. keyboard und das franz. clavier (»Klaviatur«), die sich bis in den he…
Date: 2019-11-19

Motette

(1,380 words)

Author(s): Körndle, Franz
1. Begriff und Entwicklung bis zum Konzil von TrientDie M. (mlat. motetus, ital. motetto) ist eine wichtige Gattung mehrstimmiger Vokalmusik, ursprünglich im weltlichen und geistlichen Bereich, später überwiegend in der Kirchenmusik (Musik, kirchliche). Von Anfang an konnten die Texte geistlichen und weltlichen Inhalts sein.Nach ihrer Entstehung im 13. Jh. hatte die M. bis zum frühen 14. Jh. bereits weite Verbreitung gefunden. Allerdings führte die Verwendung von weltlichen Texten im Gottesdienst zu kirchlichen Restriktionen und schließlich zu einem Eingreifen Papst Joha…
Date: 2019-11-19

Motet

(1,394 words)

Author(s): Körndle, Franz
1. Concept and history up to the Council of TrentThe motet (Middle Latin motetus, Italian  motetto) is an important genre of polyphonic vocal music, originally found in both secular and spiritual spheres but later mostly confined to church music (Music, ecclesiastical). Content of texts was spiritual and secular from the beginning.Following its appearance in the 13th century, the motet rapidly acquired widespread popularity by the early 14th century. However, the use of secular texts in worship incurred restrictions from the church, and ultim…
Date: 2020-04-06

Mass (church)

(1,646 words)

Author(s): Körndle, Franz
1. Catholic Mass See WorshipFranz Körndle 2. Music 2.1. Genesis of the polyphonic ordinarium missae It was in the 14th century that musicians began assembling polyphonic settings of the parts of the  ordinarium missae ( Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and  Agnus Dei - and in those days often  Ite missa est) to form a multipart cycle (Worship). In all likelihood, the settings of the mass from Barcelona, Tournai, and elsewhere were not the work of individual composers, but collections of works by a variety of authors. The Messe de Nostre Dame composed in full by Guillaume de Machaut …
Date: 2019-10-14

Cecilian Movement

(979 words)

Author(s): Körndle, Franz
The Cecilian Movement was a movement initiated by Regensburg church musicians around the mid-19th century. Its aim was to reform Catholic church music in a secularized world, and to deepen its liturgical significance. In 1868, at a second attempt, the Allgemeine Caecilienverein (‘General Cecilian Association’) was founded, and Pope Pius IX recognized the new society in 1870. The ideas of the Cecilians were not rooted in new ideas of a conservative Regensburg circle, but deliberately drew on older traditions that seemed to be dying out in the wake of Secularization (legal).In fact, t…
Date: 2019-10-14

Keyboard music

(1,716 words)

Author(s): Körndle, Franz
1. ConceptKeyboard music in the broadest sense means any music that is played on a keyboard instrument or in the playing of which a keyboard instrument is involved. The word “keyboard” is first attested in the early 19th century; the earlier “clavier,” borrowed from French (like the German Klavier), derives from the Latin  clavis (“key”), which from the Middle Ages denoted the (sounding) note and, from the 13th century, also the finger-operated mechanism for sounding the note. Keys in this physical sense, which in early times (attested from 11…
Date: 2019-10-14

Lasso, Orlando di

(376 words)

Author(s): Körndle, Franz
[German Version] (Orlandus Lassus, Orlando de Lassus; 1532 probably at Mons, Spanish Hainaut – Jun 14, 1594, Munich), Franco-Flemish composer. Taken into the service of Ferdinando Gonzaga, viceroy of Sicily, he came to Italy (Mantua, Genoa, Palermo, Naples, and Rome), where in 1553/1554 he was director of music for the Basilica of St. John Lateran. In 1554, however, he returned to his homeland. After a brief stay in England, he worked in Antwerp, where he published his first book of motets. From there he was summoned to Munich in 1556 by Duke Albrecht V of ¶ Bavaria, as a tenor and compose…

Léonin and Pérotin

(356 words)

Author(s): Körndle, Franz
[German Version] (also the school of Notre Dame). According to an English music student in Paris at the end of the 13th century (Anonymous 4), Léonin was the most significant composer of organa ( optimus organista; Organum) in Paris in the period before 1200 (?). If he was an actual historical person, he might be identified with Leonius, a poet born c. 1135. Leonius appears to have earned a master's degree prior to 1179; by 1192 at the latest, he was a priest and a canon of Notre Dame. Probably he did not occupy the position of cantor or succentor. His major work is the Hystorie sacre gestas ab ori…

Motet

(606 words)

Author(s): Körndle, Franz
[German Version] (Lat. motetus, motellus, muteta, motecta, etc.; Ital. motetto; Fr. Motet; Ger. Motette), polyphonic musical genre for voices, sometimes with instruments. The form of the motet has varied considerably over the course of musical history. The term derives from French mot, “word.” The motet originated in the first half of the 13th century ( Ars Antiqua) when texts were added to the descant lines ( discantus or clausulae) of Notre-Dame organa (Organum). The texts were originally in Latin. As the genre moved out of its liturgical context, the motetus, triplum, and occasion…

Messe

(3,787 words)

Author(s): Körndle, Franz | Denzel, Markus A.
1. KatholischS. Gottesdienst2. Musik 2.1. Entstehung des mehrstimmigen Ordinarium missae Im 14. Jh. begannen Musiker damit, mehrstimmige Kompositionen zu den Teilen des Ordinarium missae ( Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus und Agnus Dei sowie damals oft auch Ite missa est) zu einem mehrteiligen Zyklus zusammenzustellen (Gottesdienst). Aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach sind die Sätze der M. von Barcelona, Tournai und anderen nicht jeweils einem einzelnen Komponisten zuzuschreiben, sondern als Sammlungen zu werten, die auf unterschiedliche Autoren zurückgehen. Die von Guillaume …
Date: 2019-11-19

Church Music

(11,524 words)

Author(s): Foley, Edward | Totzke, Irenäus | Ruff, Anthony William | Körndle, Franz | Westermeyer, Paul | Et al.
[German Version] I. Sources in Antiquity – II. Early Church – III. Eastern Churches – IV. Western Churches – V. Present – VI. Legal Issues – VII. Church Music Training I. Sources in Antiquity There is one lone musical reference (Gen 4:21) in the earliest OT strata, suggesting a minor role for music in Israel before c. 1200 bce. With the migration into Canaan, Israelite music-making flourished as exemplified by evidence of dirges (2 Sam 1:19–27), war songs (Num 21:14f.), victory songs (Exod 15:1–18, 20), magical incantations …