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1. BegriffAuch wenn sich eine einheitliche religionswiss. Definition bislang nicht durchsetzen konnte, lässt sich doch allgemein festhalten, dass die Bezeichnung H. auf in religiöser und ethischer Hinsicht vollkommene Menschen Anwendung findet, die sich durch ein idealtypisches Leben auszeichne(te)n.Markus Wriedt2. Christentum 2.1. Antike und mittelalterliche Ursprünge»Heilig« bezeichnet eine exklusive Eigenschaft Gottes bzw. des Göttlichen, an der Sachen, Orte und Räume sowie Menschen partizipieren können. Seit Entstehung der ersten christl. …

1. ConceptAlthough no universally agreed definition yet exists in the study of religion, it can be stated in general terms that “saint” (German Heilige[r]) is a term applied to a person who is perfect in religious and ethical respects, and who leads or led an ideal and exemplary life.Markus Wriedt2. Christianity 2.1. Ancient and medieval origins“Saint” derives via the French  saint from the Latin  sanctus, meaning “holy” or “consecrated,” “sanctity” being an exclusive quality of God or the divine, in which objects, places, spaces, and people could participa…

Aḥmad b. ʿAlī Manṣab al-Ḥusaynī (1863–1927), known as Sayyid Manṣab b. ʿAlī, was a leading Muslim scholar in late-nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century Zanzibar. He is best known in retrospective accounts as an early representative of what later came to be known as Islamic modernism in Zanzibar specifically and on the East African coast in general. Islamic scholarship and learning in Zanzibar in the nineteenth century was strongly influenced by several networks of scholars: the Ibāḍīs (mainly of Omani origin, whose version of Islam differs from t…

[German Version] I. Geography North Africa, from the Atlantic in the west (Arab. Maġrib)to the Sinai Peninsula in the east (Arab. Mašriq), includes the following countries (from east to west): Egypt (1,002,000 km2, population roughly 62 million, capital Cairo), Libya (1,775,000 km2, population roughly 6 million, capital Tripoli), Tunisia (163,000 km2, population roughly 10 million, capital Tunis), Algeria(2,381,000 km2, population roughly 31 million, capital Algiers), and Morocco (459,000 km2 not counting occupied territories in the western Sahara, population ro…

Barghash b. Saʿīd al-Bū Saʿīdī (1837–88) was the second Bū Saʿīdī sultan of Zanzibar (Zanjibār). After the death of Sulṭān Saʿīd b. Sulṭān al-Bū Saʿīdī (r. 1804–56), the sultanate of Muscat and Oman was divided into three parts, ruled by sons of Saʿīd b. Sulṭān: Muscat by Thuwaynī, Ṣuḥār (Sohar) by Turkī, and Zanzibar by Mājid. Mājid's succession and rule in Zanzibar was contested by both Thuwaynī and his younger brother Barghash, who supported the reunification of the sultanate under Thuwaynī. …

[English Version] I. Geographische Lage und Länder N., der Raum zw. dem Atlantik im Westen (arab. Maġrib) und der Sinai-Halbinsel im Osten (arab. Masˇriq), umfaßt heute, von Osten nach Westen, die Länder Ägypten (1 002 000 km 2, ca.62 Mio. Einwohner, Hauptstadt Kairo), Libyen (1 775 000 km 2, ca.6 Mio. Einwohner, Hauptstadt Tripolis), Tunesien (163 000 km 2, ca.10 Mio. Einwohner, Hauptstadt Tunis), Algerien (2 381 000 km 2, ca.31 Mio. Einwohner, Hauptstadt Algier) und Marokko (459 000 km 2, ohne die besetzten Territorien in der Westsahara, ca.30 Mio. …