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[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. Old Testament – III. New Testament – IV. Philosophy – V. Social Sciences – VI. Systematic Theology I. Religious Studies Religious studies have paid little attention to friendship, since it appears initially not to be a phenomenon of primary relevance to religion but to denote simply a personal relationship between individuals, culturally conditioned and codified, that represents a form of identityforming social life. As a result, very different understandings of friendship are found in the ancient world, in Christianity, in Buddhism, and in the increasingly individualized societies of the modern era. Friendship t…

[German Version] The term Haustafel, “domestic code,” refers to a list of the various duties and responsibilities of the members of a household. Such lists appear in ancient ¶ ethical literature and set out the appropriate behavior toward gods, the state, friends, other members of the household, and outsiders. Content, form, and function vary considerably; domestic codes appear in the unwritten laws of Greek popular culture (Aesch. Supplices 701–709), in various philosophical traditions (Cic. Off. 1.17.58; Sen. Ep. 94.1; Ps-Plut. Moralia 7e; Hierocles Stoicus), Hellenistic …

[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. Old Testament – III. Judaism – IV. New Testament – V. Historical and Systematic Theology– VI. Practical Theology…

[German Version] I. Religious Studies – II. Old Testament – III. Judaism – IV. New Testament – V. Church History – VI. Ethics – VII. Law I. Religious Studies As a solemn affirmation of a statement, an oath takes its religious quality from the underlying belief in the power of words to effect a blessing or curse (Blessing and curse). Therefore the early phenomenology of religion classed oaths with invective, curses, etc. as words of consecration: those who swear oaths identify themselves with their words and are “consecrated” to the power of the oath if it proves false or is not kept. In fact most oaths take the form of a spoken utterance – often form…