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[German version] A. General From the period between Alexander's death in 323 BC and Octavian's victory over Cleopatra in 31 BC, Greek poetry is characterized by a great variety of themes and a deep richness of forms. Unfortunately, only very little is known of the poetry of the late 2nd and early 1st cents. BC that must have been so important for the Roman  Neoteric poets. While the 5th cent. was dominated by Attic comedy and tragedy, other regions produced significant poetry, as early as the 4th ce…

(Θεόκριτος/ Theókritos). [German version] [1] Greek sophist and politician, 4th cent. BC T. of Chios, Greek sophist and politician, born before 365 BC, a pupil of the Isocratean (Isocrates) Metrodorus (Str. 14,645; Ps.-Plut. Mor. 11ab; Ath. 12,540 A; Suda s. v. Th.). T. was a convinced opponent of the Macedonian kings and their followers. He directed fierce attacks against Aristoteles [6] (Plut. Mor. 603c; Diog. Laert. 5,11) and Anaximenes [2] of Lampsacus (Hermippus in Ath. 1,21c). Following the conquest o…

(Greek εἶδος/ eîdos or γένος/ génos; Lat. genus). [German version] I. Concept Literary genres are the result of literature being divided into groups. Poetry and/or prose are classified by a culture or its interpreters, based on the principle of similarity - the occasion on which they are presented, audience, topic, musical style, etc. The concept of ‘genre’ has been culturally determined since the dawn of history, because the meaning of a work depends not least on the extent to which the audience perceives …

I. Literature [German version] A. Introduction Sexual desire is one of the main subjects of ancient literature. Its representation in Greek an…

(Ἀπολλώνιος; Apollṓnnios). [German version] [1] Dioiketes of Ptolemy II (259-245 BC) Of Caria, possibly Ptolemaic o ikonomos there in 267 BC. Was dioiketes of Ptolemy II from April /May 259 until the end of 245; in 252 escorted Berenice to her wedding to Antiochus II. At a critical transition period A. found himself responsible for the economy of the kingdom of the Ptolemies, adapting the fiscal system to the monetary economy of the Lagids, for which purpose he was entrusted with the management of finances and the coinage, admin…

[English version] A. Allgemeines Die griech. Dichtung aus der Zeit zw. Alexanders Tod 323 v.Chr. und Octavians Sieg über Kleopatra 31 v.Chr. ist durch große Themenvielfalt und hohen Formenreichtum gekennzeichnet; leider ist nur sehr wenig von der Dichtung des späten 2. und frühen 1. Jh. v.Chr. bekannt, die für die röm. Neoteriker wichtig gewesen sein muß. Während das 5. Jh. von der att. Komödie und Trag. dominiert wurde, brachten andere Gegenden schon im 4. Jh., bes. in der Ägäis und im Osten, b…

(griech. εἶδος/ eídos oder γένος/ génos; lat. genus). [English version] I. Begriff L.G. sind Ergebnis der Einteilung von Lit. in Gruppen. Diese wird von einer Kultur oder deren Interpreten an Dichtung und/oder Prosa nach dem Prinzip der Ähnlichkeit - Anlaß des Vortrags, Publikum, Thema, musikalischer Stil etc. - vorgenommen. Der Begriff “G.” oder “Genre” ist seit frühester Gesch. kulturell bedingt, da die Bed. eines Werkes nicht zuletzt davon abhängt, inwieweit das Publikum es zu früheren Werken als ähnlich od…

(Ἀπολλώνιος). [English version] [1] Dioiket Ptolemaios' II. (259-245 v. Chr.)…

I. Literatur [English version] A. Einleitung …