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The inexpensive straits produced by Devon’s rural cloth industry from the county’s coarse wools found a large international market in the late Middle Ages, especially when the industry in east Devon began manufacturing medium-quality kerseys. The expansion of the region’s production of woollen cloth is evident in the massive increase in its cloth exports and the surge in taxable wealth of both the county and its chief marketing centre, the city and port of Exeter, which had its own vibrant cloth-finishing industry. Cloth manufactured in the county of Devon in southwes…

[German version] ‘Ford on the river bend’ (It. Ant. 474,7), presumably modern Icklingham (Suffolk) [1. 294]. Todd, Malcolm (Exeter) Bibliography 1 A. L. F. Rivet, C. Smith, The Place-names of Roman Britain, 1979.

[German version] Celtic tribe, probably in the southeast of Britain, which surrendered to Caesar in 54 BC (Caes. Gall. 5,21). Todd, Malcolm (Exeter) Bibliography A. L. F. Rivet, C. Smith, The Place-Names of Roman Britain, 1979, 453 f.

[English version] ‘Furt an der Flußbiegung’ (Itin. Anton. 474,7), vermutlich h. Icklingham (Suffolk) [1. 294]. Todd, Malcolm (Exeter) Bibliography 1 A.L.F. Rivet, C. Smith, The Place-names of Roman Britain, 1979.

Editor Evelyn Friedlander. Curators Evelyn F…

[German version] The D. lived in south-west Britannia. Their name may be derived from a pre-Roman divinity Dumnonos. During the Iron Age the D. were widely dispersed, without centres or oppida. After the Roman conquest (AD 50/65) the territory was secured by a legionary camp at Isca, later to become the capital of the tribe [1]. Settlements during the Roman period remained dispersed and un-Romanized, some small villae appearing in the vicinity of Isca. The economy was pastoral; ore was mined (e.g. tin in western Cornwall and Dartmoor, silver in eastern Cornwall [2]). Todd, Malcolm (Exet…

Bibliographic entry in Chapter 2: The Se…

[German version] River rising in Mid-Wales and flowing into the Bristol Channel (Tac. Ann. 12,31; Ptol. 2,3,3), modern Severn. Its valley played an important role in the period of the Roman conquest, with legionary bases at Glevum and Viroconium (modern Wroxeter). Todd, Malcolm (Exeter) Bibliography A. L. F. Rivet, C. Smith, The Place-Names of Roman Britain, 1979, 450 f.

[German version] One of five tribes in Britannia, who surrendered to Caesar in 54 BC (Caes. B Gall. 5,21). Their settlement area, which cannot be localized exactly, was in the south-east of the island. Todd, Malcolm (Exeter) Bibliography A. L. F. Rivet, C. Smith, The Place-names of Roman Britain, 1979, 302.

[German version] (probably modern Ravenglass/Cumbria). The camp was laid out at the beginning of Hadrian's rule at an anchorage at the river (not excavated); especially striking is a bathhouse outside the walls; the building's walls with windows 3.5 metres high are still extant. G. was likely abandoned in the late 4th cent. Todd, Malcolm (Exeter) Bibliography E. Birley, The Roman Fort at Ravenglass (Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Archaeological Society 58), 1958, 14-30.

[German version] A headland on the northern coast of Cornwall, for a long time connected with King Arthur and his court. Limited settlement in the late Roman period was followed by more intensive settlement from the late 5th cent. AD onwards with many imports from the eastern Mediterranean, particularly amphorae and fine pottery. At that time T. was evidently the residence of the kings of the Dumnonii. Todd, Malcolm (Exeter) Bibliography C. Thomas, The Book of T.: Arthur and Archaeology, 1993.

[German version] Present-day Towcester, Northamptonshire; It. Ant. 2; 6. Late Iron Age settlement; from the mid 1st cent. AD a Roman army station. The town was protected in the 2nd cent. by the construction of a rampart and ditch; stone fortifications were added in the 3rd cent. Todd, Malcolm (Exeter) Bibliography A. L. F. Rivet, C. Smith, The Place-Names of Roman Britain, 1979, 382f.

[German version] Iron Age hill fort in Somerset, used for a short time in the middle of the 1st century AD by the Roman army. Resettled and fortified in the late 5th century. Ceramics were imported from the Mediterranean, other goods from Gaul. Todd, Malcolm (Exeter) Bibliography L. Alcock, Cadbury Castle, 1995.

[English version] (h. Towcester/Northamptonshire; Itin. Anton. 2; 6). Späteisenzeitliche Ansiedlung; seit Mitte 1. Jh.n.Chr. eine röm. Militärstation. Die Stadt war im 2. Jh. mit Wall und Graben, im 3. Jh. durch eine Steinbefestigung gesichert. Todd, Malcolm (Exeter) Bibliography A.L.F. Rivet, C. Smith, The Place-Names of Roman Britain, 1979, 382f.

[English version] Einer von fünf Stämmen in Britannia, die sich 54 v.Chr. Caesar unterwarfen (Caes. Gall. 5,21). Sein nicht genau lokalisierbares Siedlungsgebiet lag im SO der Insel. Todd, Malcolm (Exeter) Bibliography A.L.F. Rivet, C. Smith, The Place-names of Roman Britain, 1979, 302.

[English version] Fluß, der in Zentral-Wales entspringt und in den Bristol Channel mündet (Tac. ann. 12,31; Ptol. 2,3,3), h. Severn. Mit Legionsbasen in Glevum und Viroconium (h. Wroxeter) spielte sein Flußtal in der Zeit der röm. Eroberung eine wichtige Rolle. Todd, Malcolm (Exeter) Bibliography A. L. F. Rivet, C. Smith, The Place-Names of Roman Britain, 1979, 450 f.

[German Version] (1624–Sep 1713), Anglican theologian and rector of Exeter College, Oxford. He was often at the center of controversies in college and university politics – he was eventually ejected as rector – and also had to defend himself against the charges of Socinianism resulting from his Naked Gospel (1690). Bury published various sermons and polemical pamphlets. Philip J. Anderson Bibliography Works include: The Constant Communicant, 1681 The Danger of Delaying Repentance, 1692 A Defence of the Doctrines of the Holy Trinity, 1694 Latitudinarius Orthodoxus, 1697.

[German version] (Tamesis). River in southeastern Britain, modern Thames (Caes. Gall. 5,11,8; Tac. Ann. 14,32; Cass. Dio 40,3,1; 60,20 f.; 62,1). At the mouth of the T., an excellent natural harbour, was Londinium (modern London). Todd, Malcolm (Exeter) Bibliography M. Förster, Der Flußname Themse, 1942 A. L. F. Rivet, C. Smith, The Place-Names of Roman Britain, 1979, 466.

[Chronicon Westmonasteriense] ca 1386-97. England. An anonymous Latin chronicle covering the years 1381-94, the late 14th-century chronicle composed at Westminster is a principal source for the reign of Richard II. It appears to have been written by two anonymous Benedictine monks, whom Harvey tentatively identifies as Richard of Cirencester (d. 1400) and Richard Exeter (d. 1396/97). The first (Cirencester?) covered events from 1381-83, whilst the second (Exeter?), wrote the remainder of the work from 1383-94. Whoever the chroniclers were, they had privileged access to parliame…

[English version] Die D. siedelten im SW von Britannia. Ihr Name dürfte sich von dem einer vorröm. Gottheit Dumnonos ableiten. In der Eisenzeit lebten die D. weit verstreut ohne Zentrum oder oppida. Nach der röm. Eroberung (50/65 n.Chr.) wurde das Gebiet durch ein Legionslager bei Isca, später Hauptort des Stammes, gesichert [1]. Siedlungen blieben in röm. Zeit verstreut und nicht romanisiert, einige kleine villae entstanden in der Nähe von Isca. Sie betrieben Weidewirtschaft, Erze wurden abgebaut (z.B. Zinn in West-Cornwall und Dartmoor, Silber in Ost-Cornwall [2]). Todd, Malcol…