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[German version] After Roman subjugation of Ligurian tribes in the summer of 14 BC (Cass. Dio 54. 24. 3), the Alpes Maritimae stood under the command of a knightly praefectus civitatium (Str. 4,6,3). In AD 63 the conferment of the   ius Latii (Plin. HN 3,135; Tac. Ann. 15,32), administration by a procurator, with the title praeses since the 3rd cent. AD. A suburb was  Cemenelum (today Cimiez). Under Diocletian the province was enlarged by parts of the Narbonensis and  Alpes Cottiae and allocated to the praefectura Galliarum ( dioecesis Viennensis).  Eburodunum became the new capital. Graßl…

[German version] Modern river Durance, rises in the  Alpes Cottiae and flows into the Rhône (Str. 4,1,3; 11; Ptol. 2,10,4). It was along this torrential river (Str. 4,6,5; Plin. HN 3,33; Auson. Mos. 479) that Hannibal marched with his army (Liv. 21,32,8; 32,6; Sil. Pun. 3,468; Amm. Marc. 15,10,11). Nautae Druentici are mentioned in inscriptions (CIL XII 731; 982). In late antiquity the region's security was maintained by fortresses (Cassiod. Var. 3,41,2). Graßl, Herbert (Salzburg)

[German version] (Ἰκτούμουλαι/ Iktoúmoulai). Settlement of Celtic Insubres in the territory of Vercellae [1]. Expanded, fortified and settled with inhabitants of the surrounding area by the Romans as a trade centre in the war with the Galli (225-222 BC) (Liv. 21,57,9 f.). In 218 BC Hannibal [4] pitched camp near V. (Liv. 21,45,3) before conquering the town (Liv. 21,57,9 ff.). In the process the men of the settlement are said to have burned themselves in their houses or killed themselves and their families (Diod. 25,17). A lex censoria prohibited the tenants of nearby rich goldmi…

[German version] Celtic tribe on the upper Rhône in the modern Swiss canton of Valais (Liv. 21,38,9), who fought against Caesar (Caes. Gall. 3,1,1 ff.; 3,7,1) and were subjected by Augustus (Plin. HN 3,137); Their Late Antiquity capital Sedunum (modern Sion) was named after them. Graßl, Herbert (Salzburg) Bibliography G. Barruol, Les peuples préromains du sud-est de la Gaule, 1969, 309-311.

[German version] Mountain (Ptol. 2,12,1; 3,1,1; 20) and pass (2,469 m) on the route from Italy into Gaul and Rhaetia, the modern Great St. Bernhard. Used from the Neolithic period, traffic increasing from the La Tène period, it served the Celts on their invasion of Italy (Liv. 5,35,2). Liv. 21,38,6ff. was already dismissing speculation concerning the expeditionary route of  Hannibal (with etymological place-name interpretation based on the ethnic). Under Augustus, the MP was occupied by the Romans…

[German version] Celtic tribe in the Alpes Cottiae, mentioned on the Augustus Arch in Segusio (CIL V 7231) and at the Mausoleum of Escoyères en Queyras (CIL XII 80). It can therefore presumably be located in the region to the southeast of  Briançon. Graßl, Herbert (Salzburg) Bibliography G. Barruol, Les peuples préromains du sud-est de la Gaule, 1969, 175-177, 356 f.

[German version] Alpes Graiae (AG) was connected with the legendary march through the Alps by Heracles. Procuratorial province at the Little St. Bernhard (likely since Claudius), often administered with the Alpes Poeninae; capital is Axima (today Aime). From the 2nd until the end of the 3rd cent. AD (Diocletian), AG is replaced by the name Alpes Atrectianae; from then it is under the praeses of the dioecesis Galliarum. Graßl, Herbert (Salzburg) Bibliography G. Walser, Via per A. Graias, 1986.