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Themisto

(137 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Θεμιστώ; Themistṓ). …

Electra

(491 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Ἠλέκτρα; Ēléktra). [German version] [1] Daughter of Oceanus and Tethys The daughter of  Oceanus and  Tethys; wife of Thaumas, mother of  Iris and the  harpies Aello and Ocypete (Hes. Theog. 265ff.; 349; Hom. H. 2,418; Apollod. 1,10). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [German version] [2] Daughter of Danaus and the Naiad Polyxo The daughter of  Danaus and the Naiad Polyxo (Apollod. 2,19; Hyg. Fab. 170). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [German version] [3] Daughter of Atlas and Pleione The daughter of  Atlas and Pleione. One of the  Pleiades. E.'s place of birth is the Cyllene range in Arcadia (Dion. Hal.…

Penelope

(1,077 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Πηνελόπη/ Pēnelópē, Homeric: Πηνελόπεια/ Pēnelópeia, Latin Penelope, Penelopa). Wife of Odysseus. From antiquity, her name has been interpreted in two ways: according to one, P. means 'weaveress', in reference to the typical female activity which plays such a central role in the Odyssey, while according to the other, her name is derived from pēnélops ('duck'), with the explanation that she had allegedly been thrown into the sea by her parents and had been saved by ducks. For an etymological explanation of P.'s name, see [1]. P. was the daughter of the Arcadian king Icarius [2] and the nymphPeriboea [1] (Apollod. 3,126) or Asterodia (Pherecydes in Schol. Hom. Od. 1,275; 4,797; 15,16); other names are mentioned, too, and there is little agreement as to the number and names of her siblings. In her home region of Arcadia, …

Alcestis

(207 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Ἄλκηστις; Alkēstis). Daughter of  Pelias and Anaxibie (Hom. Il. 2,714). Her participation in the supposed rejuvenation of Pelias (Diod. Sic. 4,52,2; 53,…

Eriphyle

(138 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Ἐριφύλη; Eriphýlē). Daughter of Talaus; sister of  Adrastus and wife of the seer  Amphiaraus in Argus, who were reconciled after a feud and were willing to submit to E.'s judgement in case of future quarrels. Amphiaraus, in…

Ismene

(210 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Ἰσμήνη; Ismḗnē). [German version] [1] Theban heroine Theban heroine, who because of her romantic connection with  Periclymenus incurs the wrath of Athene and is killed by  Tydeus (Mimn. Fr. 21 IEG; Pherecydes FGrH 3 F 95). In the 5th cent. BC she was integrated into the Oedipus myth by the tragedians: as the daughter of  Oedipus and  Jocasta or  Eurygane, as the sister of  Antigone [3],  Eteocles [1] and  Polynices, she survives with Antigone the attack of the Seven Against Thebes (Aeschyl. Sept. 861f…

Nausicaa

(287 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Ναυσικάα; Nausikáa). Young daughter of the Phaeacian royal couple Alcinous [1] und Arete [1]. Athena causes her to go with her serving maids to wash and picnic at the mouth of the river, where she comes across Odysseus, who had been washed ashore at this spot after being shipwrecked. Naked and exhausted, he appeals to her for help. In contrast to her companions, who run off in fright, she listens to him and gives him food, clothes, oil for anointing himself, and precise instructions for getting to the royal palace and on how to conduct himself once at the palace (Hom. Od. 6,12-41, 149-315). N. admires his stately appearance after the bath and wishes to have a husband like him (her father later supports her in this). After he has arranged with the royal couple to make his return journey to Ithaca, she asks him to remember her forever as his rescuer (Hom. Od. 6,229-237, 244f.; 7,309-316; 8,457-462). Later authors almost exclusively f…

Hippolyte

(238 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Ἱππολύτη; Hippolýtē). [German version] [1] Amazon, daughter of Ares  Amazon in the myth of Heracles and Theseus, daughter of  Ares and of Otrere. Heracles was ordered by  Eurystheus to rob H. of the belt of Ares (Apoll. Rhod. 2,778ff.; 966ff.; Hyg. Fab. 30; Apollod. 2,98). According to some sources, he kills H. in the process (Eur. HF 407ff.). In conflicting versions of the myth of Theseus, H.,  Antiope [2] or  Glauce [3] appear as the wife of Theseus (Isoc. Or. 12,193; Plut. These…

Philomeleides

(61 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Φιλομηλείδης; Philomēleídēs). Mythical king of the island of Lesbos, who challenged those sailing by to a wrestling match. Odysseus defeated him, according to Hom. Od. 4,343 = 17,134 in the fight, but according to Hellanicus FGrH 4 F 150 by deceit together with Diomedes [1]. Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) Bibliography…

Alope

(122 words)

Clytaemnestra

(349 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Κλυταιμήστρα; Klytaimḗstra, earlier form of the name Klytaimnestra/Κλυταιμνήστρα; Lat. Clytaem(n)estra). Daughter of  Tyndareos and  Leda, sister of  Helena [1] and the  Dioscuri, wife of  Agamemnon, who killed her first husband  Tantalus, son of  Thyestes. She had several children by Agamemnon:  Chrysothemis [2],  Laodice [I 2] or  Electra [4],  Iphianassa [2] or  Iphigenia and  Orestes. Labouring under Aphrodite's curse of infidelity (Hes. fr. 176; Stesich. fr. 223 PMG) and after resisting for some time (Hom. Od. 3,266ff.), she lets herself be seduced by Aegisthus during the Greek campaign against Troy and has  Erigone [2] by him. When Agamemnon returns from Troy, he and his female prisoner of war  Cassandra whom he brought back with him are murdered by them, with accounts differing as to C.'s role and the weapons (sword, axe, net, veil) used (Hom. Od. 11,409ff.; Aesch. Ag. 1262; 1382; Aesch. Cho. 997f., Soph. El. 99, Eur. El. 154ff., Sen. Ag. 867ff.). She lives with Aegisthus in Mycenae (or Argos or Amyclae) and is murdered by Orestes, who was taken out of the country as a child and now returns to avenge his father (Hes. fr. 23a; Stesich. fr. 217; 219 PMG, Pind. Pyth. 11,37f.). The matricide motif in particular is developed by the tragedians (Aesch. Cho.; Soph. El.; Eur. El.; Sen. Ag.; Hyg. Fab. 117, 119). While Aeschylus depicts her as a far-sighted and calculating perpetrator, in Sophocles her coolness towards Electra and her joy at the reported death of Orestes, together with her existential insecurity following her husband's murder, are all highlighted. Euripides, on the other hand, leaves her ambivalent to events and bases her motivation for murdering Ag…

Hecabe

(713 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Ἑκάβη/ Hekábē, Lat. Hecuba). Wife of the Trojan king  Priamus, mother of numerous children (Hom. Il. 24,496; Eur. Hec. 421), among them  Hector,  Paris/Alexander,  Cassandra,  Polyxene and  Troilus. Her parentage is unclear, in Hom. Il. 16,718f. she is the daughter of king  Dymas [1], in Eur. Hec. 3 of king Cisseus (cf. also Hyg. Fab. 91; 111; 243), and in Apollod. 3,148 of Sangarius. Her mother is mentioned in Suet. Tib. 70,3. In Homer, at Hector's urging, she goes to Athena's te…

Clymene

(225 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Κλυμένη; Klyménē, Clymene). [German version] [1] Mother of Atlas [2]  Oceanid, wife of  Iapetus, who by her fathered  Atlas [2],  Prometheus and Epimetheus (Hes. Theog. 351; 507ff.; Hyg. Fab. praef. 11,31). In Euripides (Phaethon 1ff.; 45ff. Diggle; cf. also Ov. Met. 1,750ff.; Hyg. Fab. 152a; 154; 156) she is the mother of  Phaethon. Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [German version] [2] Nereid  Nereid (Hom. Il. 18,47; Hyg. Fab. praef. 8), who according to Pausanias (2,18,1) had with  Dic…

Laothoe

(84 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Λαοθόη; Laothóē). [German version] [1] Daughter of Thespius Daughter of Thespius, by Heracles [1] mother of Antiphus (Apollod. 2,163). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [German version] [2] Lover of Apollo Lover of Apollo, by whom she bears Thestor, grandmother of Calchas (Pherecydes FGrH 3 F 108). …

Creusa

(223 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Κρέουσα; Kréousa, Latin Creusa). [German version] [1] Daughter of Gaia and Oceanus Daughter of Gaia and Oceanus, who bears  Hypseus and Stilbe to the river god Peneius (Pind. Pyth. 9,14f.; Diod. Sic. 4,69). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [German version] [2] Youngest daughter of Erechtheus The youngest daughter of  Erechtheus and  Praxithea. Apollo begat  Ion [1] with her, whom she abandons but whom Hermes took to Delphi. C. marries  Xuthus (Hes. fr. nova 10a 20ff.), who becomes king of Athens after Erechtheus' death. When consulting th…

Andromache

(220 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Ἀνδρομάχη; Andromáchē). Daughter of king Eetion in Hypoplacian Thebes, wife of  Hector, mother of  Astyanax-Scamandrius (Hom. Il. 6,395 ff.). At her wedding (Sappho fr. 44 Voigt) Aphrodite gives her gifts (Hom. Il. 22,470). Hector is affectionate towards A., especially after the death of her family (Hom. Il. 6,370 ff.). Her lament for her fallen spouse is impressive (Hom. Il. 22,477 ff.; 24,723 ff.). Her son is murdered after the conquest of Troy (Ilioupersis arg. fr. 5 PEG; Eur. …

Polyclea

(100 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Πολύκλεια/ Polýkleia). Heroine from the family of the Heraclidae, who received an oracular prediction that the first person to cross the Achelous [1] would become ruler of the Boeoti, who were at the time living in Thessalia. She asked her brother Aeatus to carry her over the river, broke away shortl…

Hermione

(132 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Ἑρμιόνη; Hermiónē). Daughter of  Helene and  Menelaus (Hom. Od. 4,12f…

Andromeda

(183 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Ἀνδρομέδα; Androméda). Daughter of  Cepheus king of the Cephenes or Aethiopians, and  Cassiepea (Apollod. …

Praxithea

(249 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Πραξιθέα/ Praxithéa). [German version] [1] Wife of Erechtheus Daughter or granddaughter of Cephisus; on the one hand, she is the wife of Erechtheus (Demaratus FGrH 42 F 4) and mother of several children (amongst them Creusa [2], Oreithyia, Procris); on the other, the wife of Erichthonius [1] and mother of Pandion [1] (Apollod. 3,190; Φρασιθέα/ Phrasithéa Tzetz. Chil. 1,174). According to an oracle, Erechtheus can only win the war against Eumolpus after sacrificing one of his daughters. In his play 'Erechtheus', Euripides allows P. to give detailed …

Galatea

(385 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Γαλατεία; Galateía). [German version] [1] Nereid …

Alcmene

(274 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Ἀλκμήνη; Alkmḗnē). Daughter of king Electryon of Mycenae or Tiryns and of Lysidice, Eurydice or Anaxo (Hes.scut.3; Diod. Sic. 4,9,1; Apollod. 2,52). She marries  Amphitryon, who kills Electryon and has to flee with A. The marriage is to be consumated only after Amphitryon has avenged A.'s brother, who died in battle (Apollod. 2,55). He leaves, and Zeus comes in his form to A., tells of the victory and conceives  Hercules with her (Pind. Isthm. 7,5 ff.; Pherec. FGrH 3 F 69; Plaut. …

Tecmessa

(108 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Τέκμησσα/ Tékmēssa, Latin Tecmessa). Phrygian princess, given to Ajax [1] as a prize (Hom. Il. 1,138). With her he fathers Eurysaces. In Soph.  Aj. the character of T. is developed for the first time, her relationship with Ajax is defined by mutual respect and fidelity (Dictys 2,18; Quint. Smyrn. 5,521-567). Roman tragedy writers also took an interest in the subject, as did Horace (Carm. 2,4,5f.) and Ovid (Ars am. 3,517-520). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) Bibliography …

Oreithyia

(238 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Ὠρείθυια/ Ōreíthyia). Mentioned in Homer (Il. 18,48) as a Nereid, but not in Hesiod's catalogue of Nereids (Theog. 240ff., Apollod. 1,11f.). Her name ('storming in the mountains') suggests she is a 'bride of the wind'. In Attic mythology, she is the daughter of the Attic king Erechtheus and of Praxithea. O. is abducted to Thrace by the wind god Boreas, who makes her his wife (Hdt. 7.189; Verg. G. 4,463). Their children are Cleopatra [I 1] and Chione [1] as well as Calais and Zetes…

Polyxena

(391 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Πολυξένη/ Polyxénē, Latin Polyxena). Daughter of Priamus and Hecabe. In the Cypria (PEG I…

Pandora

(543 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Πανδώρα/ Pandṓra). Her name ('She who gives everything') is used as an epiclesis of chthonic deities such as Gaia and Hecate (Orph. A. 974ff.; schol. Aristoph. Av. 971). It is not possible to discern a clear development of the figure of P. in the transmitted versions of the myth that would clarify her connection with those deities.…

Iocaste

(232 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Ἰοκάστη/ Iokástē, in older sources also Ἐπικάστη/Epicaste). Daughter of  Menoeceus, sister of  Creon, wife of  Laius, mothe…

Aerope

(147 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Ἀερόπη; Aerópē). Daughter of Catreus, granddaughter of Minos II. Because of a prop…

Procris

(261 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Πρόκρις/ Prókris, Lat. Procris). Daughter either of Erechtheus and Praxithea (Apollod. 3,196) or Pandion (Hyg. Fab. 189; 241) or Iphiclus (Serv. Aen. 6,445). Renowned hunter, married to the Athenian hunter Cephalus [1], who, disguised, tests her fidelity by seducing her with gifts (cf. Pherecydes acc. to Schol. Hom. Od. 11,321, Ov. Met. 7,690-865, Antoninus Liberalis 41). Ashamed, she flees to Minos or Artemis, her hunting companion (Callim. H. 3,209). From Artemis or Minos, P. rece…

Myrrha

(212 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Μύρρα; Mýrrha). Daughter of the Cyprian king Cinyras and Cenchreis or of the Assyrian king Theias. The gods' anger causes her to fall in love with her father. She is able to have sexual intercourse with him without being recognized, and becomes pregnant. When he recognizes her he tries to kill her; Zeus or Aphrodite takes pity on her and transforms her into a tree; her tears are the resin of the myrrh tree. Later Adonis is born from that tree (Apollod. 3,183f. = Panyassis fr.…

Antiope

(495 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Ἀντιόπη; Antiópē). [German version] [1] Daughter of the river god Asopos In epics, the daughter of the river god Asopus (Hom. Od. 11,260 ff.; Apoll. Rhod. 1,735), according to Euripides' Antiope (in Hyg. Fab. 8) daughter of the Theban king Nycteus and Polyxo (Apollod. 3,111; Paus. 2,6,1). Zeus falls in love with her and unites with her in the form of a satyr [1. 857]. For fear of her father, A. flees and marries king Epopeus of Sicyon; according to Paus. 2,6,2 ff. she was kidnapped by him. Her father Nycteus thereupon goes to war against E…

Tilphusa

(100 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Τιλφοῦσα, Τέλφουσα; Tilphoûsa, Télphousa). Boeotian well nymph, who does not allow Apollo to build his oracle temple at her well, and sends him to Delphi so that she herself can preserve her area of influence. Apollo later fills in her well and in its place builds an altar to himself (Hom. H. 3,244-276; 3,375-387). According to Apollod. 3,84 Teiresias meets his death after drin…

Thallo

(69 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Θαλλώ; Thallṓ). One of the Horae, the daughters of Zeus and Themis (Hes. Theog. 901-903; Hes. Op. 74 f.). The assignment of T. to the Horae or to the Charites is controversial, as are the number and names of the Horae (Hyg. Fab. 183; Paus. 9,35,1-4; Poll. 8,106).…

Deianira

(390 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Δηιάνειρα; Dēiáneira). Mythical daughter of king Oeneus of Calydon (Soph. Trach. 6f.) or of Dionysus (Apollod. 1,64; Hyg. Fab. 129) and  Althaea. After the death of her brother  Meleager, D., unlike her sisters, retained her human form (Ov. Met. 8,542ff.; Ant. Lib. 2 after Nicander; Hyg. Fab. 174). The river god Achelous wooed her; then  Heracles, who had heard Meleager singing D.'s praises, also arrived on the scene as a suitor (Pind. Fr. 249aSM; Bacchyl. 5,165ff. SM). Heracles d…

Aglaurus

(296 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Ἄγλαυρος, also Ἄγραυλος; Áglauros, Ágrauros). [German version] [1] Figure of Greek myth: Daughter the first king in Attica Daughter of  Actaeus, the first king in Attica, spouse of  Cecrops, mother of  Erysichthon, of   Aglaurus [2],  Herse and  Pandrosus. Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [German version] [2] Figure of Greek myth: Daughter of Actaeus [1] and of Cecrops Daughter of Actaeus [1] and of Cecrops. Athena entrusts Erichthonius to A. and her sisters in a chest guarded by snakes, forbidding them to open it, which A. and Herse do nonetheless. T…

Auge

(160 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Αὔγη; Aúgē). Daughter of king Aleus of Tegea, who had made her a priestess of Athena [1. 368-385] in order to force her into chastity, as an oracle had predicted that her son would murder her brothers. She was raped by  Heracles (Hes. fr. 165 Merkelbach-West, Apollod. 2,146f.). Aleus discovered her pregnancy and had her thrown into the sea, together with her son  Telephus. Washed ashore in Mysia, she married king Teuthras (Hecat. FGrH 1 F 29a, b). According to Soph. and Eur., Tel…

Rhoeo

(132 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Ῥοιώ; Rhoiṓ). Daughter of Staphylus and Chrysothemis [1], sister of Molpadia [1] and Parthenus [2]. After the sisters fail to guard their father's newly produced wine, they throw themselves into the sea and are rescued by Apollo, who fathers Anius with R. Staphylus locks the pregnant…

Laonome

(90 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Λαονόμη; Laonómē). [German version] [1] Daughter of Guneus Daughter of Guneus, wife of Alcaeus [1] (other names are also mentioned), mother of Amphitryon (Paus. 8,14,2; Apollod. 2,50). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [German version] [2] Daughter of Amphitryon and Alcmene…

Pero

(125 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Πηρώ; Pērṓ). [German version] [1] Daughter of Neleus and Chloris Daughter of Neleus [1] and Chloris [4], with twelve brothers, including Nestor [1]. Neleus demands Iphiclus' cattle as a bride price for P. Melampus [1] delivers the cattle for his brother Bias [1], who is given P. as his bride (Hom. Od. 11,281-297; 15,231-238; Apoll. Rhod. 1,120f.; Paus. 4,36,3; 10,31,10). Several of the couple's sons are part of the Argonaut campaign (Apoll. Rhod. 1,118-120). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [German version] [2] Mother of the river god Asopus Mother by Poseidon of the river god Aso…

Penthesilea

(299 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[German version] (Πενθεσίλεια/ Penthesíleia, Lat. Penthesilea). Amazon (Amazons), daughter of Ares and Otrere (Aithiopis argumentum, fr. 1f. PEG I), who to expiate blood guilt - in some sources the murder of her sister Hippolyte [1] (Apollod. Epit. 5,1; Quint. Smyrn. 1,20-32) - enters the Trojan War and supports the Trojans after the death of  Hector (Hellanicus FGrH 4 F 149; Diod. Sic. 2,46,5). She kills a number of Greeks (Prop. 3,11,14f.; Quint. Smyrn. 1,238-246) but is then defeated by Achilles [1], who falls in love with her as she is dying and hands her body over to the Trojans for burial. Thersites, on the Greek side, ridicules this as a sign of love, whereupon Achilles kills him with a blow of his fist (Prop. 3,11,15f.; Pherecrates fr. 165 PCG; Pacuvius, Penthesilea, p. 271 TRF; Lycoph. 999ff.). In Hellenistic and later sources the love of Achilles for P. is central, which explains the motif of P.'s burial by the Greeks (Dictys 4,3; Quint. Smyrn. 1,1-830). This subject remains a favourite into the Byzantine period, with later sources often presenting further developments of the basic motifs (Ptol. Chennos in Phot. 191,151b; Dictys 4,2f.; Lib. Progymnasmata 9,1,22; 11,11; Dares 36 Meister; Nonnus, Dion. 35,27f.; Nicolaus Sophistes, Progymnasmata 2,11). On the reception of the P. myth, cf. [1]; most …

Danae

(243 words)

Molpadia

(114 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Μολπαδία; Molpadía). [German version] [1] Daughter of Staphylus and Chrysothemis Daughter of Staphylus and Chrysothemis [1]. Together with her sister Rhoeo, she was charged with guarding the wine, which had just been invented. However, they fell asleep and pigs overturned the jug. Out of fear, the sisters leapt into the sea. …

Penelope

(1,002 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Πηνελόπη, homer.: Πηνελόπεια, lat. Penelope, Penelopa). Gattin des Odysseus. Seit der Ant. existieren zwei Deutungen ihres Namens. Nach der einen bedeutet P. “Weberin”, was auf die in der ‘Odyssee so prominent dargestellte typische Frauenarbeit hinweist, nach der anderen leitet sich ihr Name von pēnélops (“Ente”) ab, was damit erklärt wird, daß sie von ihren Eltern ins Meer geworfen und von Enten gerettet worden sei. Zur etym. Erklärung von P.s Namen s. [1]. P. ist die Tochter des arkadischen Königs Ikarios [2] und der Nymphe Periboia [1] (Apollod. …

Ismene

(202 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Ἰσμήνη). [English version] [1] theban. Heroine Theban. Heroine, die sich wegen ihrer Liebesbeziehung zu Periklymenos den Zorn der Athene zuzieht und von Tydeus getötet wird (Mimn. fr. 21 IEG; Pherekydes FGrH 3 F 95). Im 5. Jh. v.Chr. wurde sie v.a. durch die Tragiker in den Oidipusmythos integriert: Als Tochter des Oidipus und der Iokaste oder Euryganeia, als Schwester der Antigone [3], des Eteokles [1] und Polyneikes überlebt sie mit Antigone den Angriff der Sieben gegen Theben (Aischyl. Sept. 861ff…

Myrrha

(186 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Μύρρα). Tochter des kyprischen Königs Kinyras und der Kenchreis oder des assyrischen Königs Theias. Götterzorn bewirkt, daß sie sich in ihren Vater verliebt. Es gelingt ihr, ihm unerkannt beizuwohnen; sie wird schwanger. Als er sie erkennt, versucht er, sie zu töten, worauf sie von Zeus oder Aphrodite aus Mitleid in einen Baum verwandelt wird, ihre Tränen sind das Myrrhenharz. Aus dem Baum kommt später Adonis auf die Welt (Apollod. 3,183f. = Panyassis fr. 27 Bernabé; Antoninus L…

Polykleia

(89 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Πολύκλεια). Heroine aus dem Geschlecht der Herakleidai, der ein Orakel vorhersagt, daß der, welcher zuerst den Acheloos [1] überschreite, Herrscher der damals in Thessalien ansässigen Boioter werde. Sie bittet ihren Bruder Aiatos darum, sie durch den Fluß zu tragen, macht sich kurz vor dem anderen Ufer los und betritt dieses als erste, worauf ihr Bruder sie heiratet, um die Herrschaft für seine Familie zu sichern, und mit ihr Thessalos zeugt (Polyain. 8,44). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) Bibliography G. Radke, s. v. P. (1), RE 21, 1695-1698.

Phyllis

(188 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Φυλλίς). [English version] [1] eponyme Heroine der Landschaft am unteren Strymon Eponyme Heroine der Landschaft am unteren Strymon, die sie als Mi…

Klymene

(227 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Κλυμένη, Clymene). [English version] [1] Mutter des Atlas Okeanide, Gattin des Iapetos, der mit ihr Atlas [2], Prometheus und Epimetheus zeugt (Hes. theog. 351; 507ff.; Hyg. fab. praef. 11,31). Bei Euripides (Phaethon 1ff.; 45ff. Diggle; vgl. auch Ov. met. 1,750ff.; Hyg. fab. 152a; 154; 156) ist sie Mutter des Phaethon. Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [English version] [2] Nereide Nereide (Hom. Il. 18,47; Hyg. fab. praef. 8), die nach Pausanias (2,18,1) mit Diktys [1] in Athen einen Altar als Retterin des Perseus hatte. Nach Verg…

Penthesileia

(288 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Πενθεσίλεια, lat. Penthesilea). Amazone, Tochter des Ares und der Otrere (Aithiopis argumentum, fr. 1f. PEG I), die zur Reinigung von einer Bluts…

Laothoe

(81 words)

Laonome

(86 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Λαονόμη). [English version] [1] Tochter des Guneus Tochter des Guneus, Gattin des Alkaios [1] (neben ihr werden auch andere Namen genannt), Mutter des Amphitryon (Paus. 8,14,2; Apollod. 2,50). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [English version] [2] Tochter des Amphitryon und der Alkmene Tochter des Amphitryon und der Alkmene, Schwester des Herakles [1], Gattin des Poseidonsohnes Euphemos (schol. Pind. P. 4,79). Bei Hellanikos (FGrH 4 F 13) ist sie mit dem Unterweltsgott Hodoidokos verbunden. Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) Bibliography K. Meuli, s.v. L. (1)-(2), RE 12, 758.

Antiope

(468 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Ἀντιόπη). [English version] [1] Tochter des Flußgottes Asopos Im Epos Tochter des Flußgottes Asopos (Hom. Od. 11,260 ff.; Apoll. Rhod. 1,735), nach Euripides' Antiope (bei Hyg. fab. 8) Tochter des thebanischen Königs Nykteus und der Polyxo (Apollod. 3,111; Paus. 2,6,1). …

Hippolyte

(215 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Ἱππολύτη). [English version] [1] Amazone, Tochter des Ares Amazone im Herakles- und Theseusmythos, Tochter des Ares und der Otrere. Herakles soll ihr im Auftrag des Eurystheus den Gürtel des Ares rauben (Apoll. Rhod. 2,778ff.; 966ff.; Hyg. fab. 30; Apollod. 2,98). In einigen Quellen tötet er dabei H. (Eur. Herc. 407ff.). Im Theseusmythos konkurriert H. mit Antiope [2] und Glauke [3] als Gemahlin des Theseus (Isokr. or. 12,193; Plut. Theseus 27,5,13). Theseus raubt H. und zeugt mit…

Alkmene

(269 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Ἀλκμήνη). Tochter des Königs Elektryon von Mykenai oder Tiryns und der Lysidike, Eurydike oder Anaxo (Hes.scut.3; Diod. 4,9,1; Apollod. 2,52). Sie heiratet Amphitryon, …

Andromeda

(173 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Ἀνδρομέδα). Tochter des Kepheus, des Königs der Kephenen oder Aithiopen, und der Kassiepeia (Apollod. 2,43), die …

Andromache

(216 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Ἀνδρομάχη). Tochter des Königs Eetion im hypoplakischen Theben, Gemahlin Hektors, Mutter des Astyanax-Skamandrios (Hom. Il. 6,395 ff.). Bei ihrer Hochzeit (Sappho fr. 44 Voigt) beschenkt Aphrodite sie (Hom. Il. 22,470). A. ist Hektor zärtlich zugetan, vor allem nach dem Tod ihrer Familie (Hom. Il. 6,370 ff.). Ihre Klage um den gefallenen Gatten ist eindrüc…

Praxithea

(230 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Πραξιθέα). [English version] [1] Gattin des Erechtheus Tochter oder Enkelin des Kephisos, die einerseits als Gattin des Erechtheus (Demaratos FGrH 42 F 4) und Mutter mehrerer Kinder (darunter Kreusa [2], Oreithyia, Prokris), andererseits als Gattin des Erichthonios [1] und Mutter des Pandion [1] (Apollod. 3,190; Φρασιθέα Tzetz. chil. 1,174) erscheint. Nach einem Orakel kann Erechtheus den Krieg gegen Eumolpos nur nach der Opferung einer Tochter gewinnen. Euripides läßt in seinem ‘Erechtheus P. die Ent…

Galateia

(386 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Γαλατεία). [English version] [1] Nere…

Prokris

(258 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Πρόκρις; lat. Procris). Tochter entweder des Erechtheus und der Pr…

Klytaimestra

(342 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Κλυταιμήστρα, jüngere Namensform Klytaimnestra/Κλυταιμνήστρα; lat. Clytaem(n)estra). Tochter des Tyndareos und der Leda, Schwester der Helene [1] und der Dioskuroi, Gattin des Agamemnon, der ihren ersten Gatten Tantalos, den Sohn des Thyestes, tötete. Mit Agamemnon hat sie mehrere Kinder: Chrysothemis [2], Laodike [I 2] oder Elektra [4], Iphianassa [2] oder Iphigeneia und Orestes. Von Aphrodite mit einem Fluch der Untreue belegt (Hes. fr. 176; Stesich. fr. 223 PMG), läßt sie sic…

Auge

(154 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[1] s. Optik s. Optik …

Aerope

(141 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Ἀερόπη). Tochter…

Hesione

(199 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Ἡσιόνη). [English version] [1] Okeanide Okeanide, Gattin des Prometheus (Aischyl. Prom. 558). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [English version] [2] Gattin des Nauplios Gattin des Nauplios, Mutter des Palamedes (Apollod. 2,23). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [English version] [3] Stammutter des troian. Königshauses Gattin des Atlas [2], Mutter der Elektra [3], durch ihren Enkel Dardanos [1] Stammutter des trojan. Königshauses. Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [English version] [4] Schwester des Priamos Tochter des trojan. Königs Laomedon, der sie wegen eines Wor…

Pandora

(513 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Πανδώρα). Ihr Name (“die alles Gebende”) wird als Epiklese chthonischer Gottheiten wie Gaia und Hekate verwendet (Orph. Arg. 974ff.; schol. Aristoph. Av. 971), ohne daß sich aus den überl. Mythenversionen eine klare Entwicklungslinie der Figur der P. ablesen läßt, die die Verbindung mit diesen Gottheiten klären würde. P. als Urfrau bzw. erste Frau findet sich erstmals bei Hesiod (theog. 570-591; Hes. erg. 57-105). P. wird auf Geheiß des Zeus von Hephaistos aus Erde und Wasser geformt, von Athena, den Charites, Hermes, Aphrod…

Nausikaa

(263 words)

Alkestis

(199 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Ἄλκηστις). Tochter des Pelia…

Hermione

(125 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Ἑρμιόνη). Tochter der Helene und des Menelaos (Hom. Od. 4,12ff.), Schwester des Nikostratos (Hes. fr. 175 M-W). Nach der einen Mythenversion verspricht Menelaos sie vor den Toren Troias dem Neoptolemos (Hom. Od. 4,3ff.), in einer anderen Version wird sie vor dem Krieg Orestes zugesprochen (Soph. Hermione TrGF 4, 192f…

Alope

(119 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Ἀλόπη). Tochter des Königs Kerkyon von Eleusis (Pherek. FGrH 3 F147), Geliebte des Poseidon, dem sie Hippothoon gebiert. Sie setzt das Kind aus; es wird von einer Stute gesäugt, von Hirten gefunden, die den Streit um die kostbaren Erkennungszeichen vor den König bringen. Der erkennt die Zeichen, läßt A. einsperren und verhungern. Der …

Elektra

(481 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Ἠλέκτρα). [English version] [1] Tochter des Okeanos und der Tethys Tochter des Okeanos und der Tethys; Gattin des Thaumas, Mutter der Iris und der Harpyien Aello und Okypete (Hes. theog. 265ff.; 349; Hom. h. 2,418; Apollod. 1,10). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [English version] [2] Tochter des Danaos und der Naiade Polyxo Tochter des Danaos und der Naiade Polyxo (Apollod. 2,19; Hyg. fab. 170). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [English version] [3] Tochter des Atlas und der Pleione Tochter des Atlas und der Pleione. Eine der Pleiaden. Geburtsort der E. ist das Kylleneg…

Danae

(224 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Δανάη). Mythische Tochter des Akrisios, des Königs von Argos, und der Eurydike oder Aganippe (Hom. Il. 14,319f.; Hes. fr. 129; 135MW; Hyg. fab. 63). Aufgrund des Orakels, daß sein Enkel ihn töten werde, sperrte ihr Vater sie ein, um jeden Kontakt mit der Außenwelt zu verhindern. Zeus näherte sich D. in Form eines Goldregens, worauf sie Perseus gebar (Pind. P. 10,44f.; 12,9ff.; Soph. Ant. 944ff.; Isokr. 10,59; Ov. met. 4,610f.). Als Akrisios dies entdeckte, warf er sie mit ihrem …

Philomeleides

(51 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Φιλομηλείδης)…

Molpadia

(111 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Μολπαδία). [English version] [1] Tochter des Staphylos und der Chrysothemis Tochter des Staphylos und der Chrysothemis [1]. Zusammen mit ihrer Schwester Rhoio soll sie den eben erfundenen Wein bewachen. Sie schlafen jedoch ein, und Schweine stoßen den Krug um. Aus Angst stürzen sich die Schwestern ins Meer. Apollon rettet sie und versetzt M. als Hemithea nach Kastabos in der karischen Chersonesos von Knidos (Diod. 5,62f.).…

Polyxene

(373 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Πολυξένη, lat. Polyxena). Tochter des Priamos und der Hekabe. In den ‘Kyprien (PEG I fr. 34) wird sie von Odysseus und Diomedes [1] getötet und von Neoptolemos [1] begraben. Eine andere Trad. berichtet von ihrer Opferung durch die Griechen an Achilleus' [1] Grab (Iliupersis argumentum PEG I p. 89; Hyg. fab. 110; Apollod. epit. 5,23), da dessen Geist das Opfer verlangt (Eur. Hec. 37-41; 107-115; Ov. met. 13,441-448; Q. Smyrn. 14,234-245) und droht, die griech. Flotte an der Heimkeh…

Pero

(118 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Πηρώ). [English version] [1] Tochter des Neleus und der Chloris Tochter des Neleus [1] und der Chloris [4], hat zwölf Brüder, u.a. Nestor [1]. Neleus verlangt als Brautpreis für P. die Rinder des Iphiklos. Melampus [1] bringt die Rinder für seinen Bruder Bias [1], der P. zur Frau erhält (Hom. Od. 11,281-297; 15,231-238; Apoll. Rhod. 1,120f.; Paus. 4,36,3; 10,31,10). Mehrere Söhne des Paares nehmen am Argonautenzug teil (Apoll. Rhod. 1,118-120).…

Hekabe

(679 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Ἑκάβη, lat. Hecuba). Gattin des troianischen Königs Priamos, Mutter zahlreicher Kinder (Hom. Il. 24,496; Eur. Hec. 421), unter ihnen Hektor, Paris/Alexandros, Kassandra, Polyxene und Troilos. Über ihre Eltern herrscht Unklarheit, bei Hom. Il. 16,718f. ist sie Tochter des Königs Dymas [1], bei Eur. Hec. 3 des Königs Kisseus (vgl. auch Hyg. fab. 91; 111; 243), Apollod. 3,148 nennt als dritten Namen Sangarios. Über ihre Mutter berichtet Suet. Tib. 70,3. Bei Homer unternimmt sie auf…

Oreithyia

(220 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Ὠρείθυια). Bei Homer (Il. 18,48) als Nereide erwähnt, nicht jedoch im Nereidenkatalog des Hesiod (theog. 240ff., Apollod. 1,11f.). Ihr Name (“im Gebirge stürmend”) weist sie eher als “Windsbraut” aus. In die attische Myth. wird sie als Tochter des att. Königs Erechtheus und der Praxithea eingebaut. O. wird vom Windgott Boreas nach Thrakien entführt, der sie zu seiner Frau macht (Hdt. 7.189; Verg. georg. 4,463). Das Paar hat als Kinder Kleopatra [I 1] und Chione [1] sowie Kalais und Zetes, welche am Argonautenzug (Argonautai) teilnehmen (Apoll. Rhod. 1.212ff.; Hyg. fab. 14; Ov. met. 6,614-621). O. wird für die Athener in den Perserkriegen wichtig, als ein Orakelspruch diese im Sommer 480 v.Chr. anweist, den “Schwiegersohn” (Boreas) zu Hilfe zu rufen (Hdt. 7,189). Nach dem Sieg über die Perser errichteten die Athener für O. und Boreas ein Heiligtum am Ilissos (Sim. fr. 3 IEG, der den Raub der O. an den Brilettos, den Nordhang des Pentelikon verlegt). Andere Versionen verbinden den Ort des Raubes mit dem Heiligtum (Plat. Phaidr. 229b-d) oder nennen weitere Plätze (Aischyl. O. fr. 281 TrGF; Choirilos von Samos fr. 7 PEG I; Ov. met. 6,682-721; …

Kreusa

(222 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Κρέουσα, lat. Creusa). [English version] [1] Tochter der Gaia und des Okeanos Tochter der Gaia und des Okeanos, die dem Flußgott Peneios Hypseus und Stilbe gebiert (Pind. P. 9,14f.; Diod. 4,69). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [English version] [2] Jüngste Tochter des Erechtheus Jüngste Tochter des Erechtheus und der Praxithea. Apollon zeugt mit ihr Ion [1], den sie aussetzt und den Hermes nach Delphi bringt. K. heiratet Xuthos (Hes. fr. nova 10a 20ff.), der nach Erechtheus' Tod König von Athen wird. Bei einer Befragung des delph. Orakels wegen seiner Kinderlosigkeit findet das Paar Ion wieder. K. gebiert dem Xuthos später Doros und Achaios [1] (Eur…

Aglauros

(270 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Ἄγλαυρος, auch Ἄγραυλος). [English version] [1] Tochter des ersten Königs von Attika Tochter des Aktaios, des 1. Königs in Attika, Gemahlin des Kekrops, Mutter des Erysichthon, der Aglauros [2], Herse und Pandrosos. Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)…

Eriphyle

(124 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Ἐριφύλη). Tochter des Talaos; Schwester des Adrastos und Gemahlin des Sehers Amphiaraos in Argos, die sich nach einer Fehde versöhnten und bei zukünftigen Streitigkeiten E.s Urteil beugen wollten. Amphiaraos verweigerte sich in Voraussicht seines Todes Adr…

Iokaste

(232 words)

Aithra

(155 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Αἴθρα). Tochter des Pittheus, des Königs von Troizen, Mutter des Theseus von Aigeus oder Poseidon (Bakchyl. 17,33 ff. SM; Apollod. 3,208; 216; Hyg. fab. 37). Die Variante bei Paus. 2,33,1 erklärt die Gründung des Tempels der Athena Apaturia auf der Insel Sphairia durch A. Theseus vertraut A. die von ihm geraubte Helena an. Als die Dioskuren diese befreien, wird A. als Sklavin mitgenommen und

Rhoio

(132 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Ῥοιώ). Tochter des Staphylos und der Chrysothemis [1], Schwester der Molpadia [1] und der Parthenos [2]. Nachdem die Schwestern bei der Bewachung des vom Vater neu hergestellten Weins versagt haben, stürzen sie sich ins Meer und werden von Apollon gerettet, der mit Rh. den Anios zeugt. Staphylos sperrt die schwangere Rh. in einen Kasten, der in Delos (oder Euboia, Tzetz. Lykophr. 570) angeschwemmt wird, wo Apoll sich des Sohnes annimmt (Diod. 5,62 f.; Dion. Hal. de Dinarcho 11,1…

Deianeira

(371 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
[English version] (Δηιάνειρα). Mythische Tochter des Königs Oineus von Kalydon (Soph. Trach. 6f.) oder des Dionysos (Apollod. 1,64; Hyg. fab. 129) und der Althaia. D. behielt nach dem Tod ihres Bruders Meleagros, anders als ihre Schwestern, ihre menschliche Gestalt (Ov. met. 8,542ff.; Ant. Lib. 2 nach Nikander; Hyg. fab. 174). Der Flußgott Acheloos warb um sie, später kam auch Herakles als Freier hinzu, der Meleagros D. rühmen gehört hatte (Pind. fr. 249aSM; Bakchyl. 5,165ff. SM). Herakles besiegt…

Europe/Europa

(1,029 words)

Author(s): Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) | Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich)
(Εὐρώπη; Eurṓpē). [German version] [1] Geographic concept Originally reserved for the female mythological figure ( E. [2]; cf. Hes. Theog. 357, 359), as a geographical term E. initially referred to central Greece (cf. Hom. H. ad Apollinem 251, 291) and the Thracian-Macedonian north (cf. Hdt. 6,43; 7,8), as opposed to the Peloponnese in the south, the Ionian Islands in the west and the Aegean islands, and separated from the Asiatic land-mass by the Aegean Sea, the Hellespont, Propontis, the Bosporus and Pontus Euxinus. As awareness grew during the ‘great colonisation’ that the Black Sea/Pontus Euxinus was enclosed to the east (Mimnermus in the 7th cent. still has it differently; cf. Str. 1,2,40), the frontier between E. (used with increasing frequency to describe all land outside Asia, cf. Hecat. in Hdt. 4,36) and Asia became problematic; for here the two regions were not clearly distinguished from one another: the eastern frontier of E. was set at the Tanais (Hdt. 4,45,2; Str. 1,4,7; 7,4,5; 11,1,1), at the Se…

Dirce

(224 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) | Funke, Peter (Münster)
(Δίρκη; Dírkē). [German version] [1] Daughter of Ismenus Daughter of Ismenus (Callim. H. 4,75ff.), wife of king  Lycus. Both are hostile to Lycus' niece  Antiope [2]; after Antiope had failed in her attempt to escape, D. and Lycus handed her over to her twin sons  Amphion and Zethus, whom she had abandoned at birth, to have her dragged to death by a bull. However, the sons recognize their mother just in time and then proceed to make D. suffer that very punishment (Eur. in Hyg. Fab. 7f.; Plaut. Pseud. 19…

Antigone

(839 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) | Ameling, Walter (Jena)
(Ἀντιγόνη; Antigónē). …

Niobe

(1,303 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) | Bäbler, Balbina (Göttingen)
(Νιόβη/ Nióbē, Lat. Nioba). [German version] I. Mythology Daughter of Tantalus and Dione or Euryanassa (Hyg. Fab. 9, schol. Eur. Or. 4) and wife of Amphion [1] (Hes. fr. 183 M./W.). The oldest version of the myth is found in Hom. Il. 24,602-617 in the form of a comparison by which Achilles seeks to induce Priam to overcome his grief over his son's death just as N. did. N.'s children, the Niobids (Νιοβίδαι/

Atalante

(536 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) | Ley, Anne (Xanten)
(Ἀταλάντη; Atalántē). [German version] A. Myth Mythological daughter of Schoeneus or of Iasius and Clymene. In a Boeotian version she is allowed to remain a virgin, but to do so she has to defeat all suitors in a race (Hyg. Fab. 185).  Hippomenes receives three golden apples from Aphrodite, which he drops in A.'s way during the competiti…

Lanassa

(170 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) | Meister, Klaus (Berlin)
(Λάνασσα; Lánassa). [German version] [1] Ancestress of the Molossian dynasty Daughter of Cleodaeus, granddaughter of Hyllus, great-granddaughter of Hercules [1], ancestress of the Molossian dynasty of Epirus (Plut. Pyrrhus 1,2; Lysimachus, FGrH 382 F 10). Neoptolemus abducts her from the Zeus temple of Dodona, marries her and has eight children with her, among them Pyrrhus (Iust. 17,3,4). …

Papyri, Literary

(5,168 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) | Harder, Annette
Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [German version] A. Introduction (CT) Papyrus was the most important writing material in Antiquity [13]; it was also used for administrative and personal purposes (the so-called documentary papyri) and for the transcription of literary texts by Greeks who had settled in Egypt following the conquests of Alexander the Great. From ca. 300 BC to ca. 700 AD Greek texts were written on papyri in Egypt, and these papyri were preserved, re-used (for other texts or for use as wrap…

Meliboea

(423 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) | Kramolisch, Herwig (Eppelheim)
(Μελίβοια/ Melíboia, Latin Meliboea). [German version] [1] Heroine Heroine, known within the Leto cult of Argos as Chloris [2] (on the aition: Paus. 2,21,9f.). In the Demeter cult of Hermion(e), Kore ( Persephone) bears the byname M. (Ath. 14,624e, the passage is textually disputed). M. first appears in Hom. Od. 11,281-287 as the daughter of Amphion [1], later also as the daughter of Niobe (Apollod. 3,47) and spouse of Neleus (Pherecydes FGrH 3 F 117). Ath. 13,557a mentions her as the spouse of Theseus. Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) Bibliography R. Carden, The Papyrus Fragments of …

Dirke

(199 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) | Funke, Peter (Münster)
(Δίρκη). [English version] [1] Tochter des Ismenos Tochter des Ismenos (Kall. h. 4,75ff.), Gattin des Königs Lykos. Beide sind dessen Nichte Antiope [2] feind und übergeben sie nach einem gescheiterten …

Meliboia

(374 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) | Kramolisch, Herwig (Eppelheim)
(Μελίβοια, lat. Meliboea). [English version] [1] Heroine Heroine, die im Letokult in Argos als Chloris [2] bekannt ist (zum Aition: Paus. 2,21,9f.). Im Demeterkult von Hermion(e) trägt Kore (Persephone) den Beinamen M. (Athen. 14,624e, die Stelle ist textkritisch umstritten). Zum ersten Mal erscheint M. bei Hom. Od. 11,281-287 als Tochter des Amphion [1], dann auch als Tochter der Niobe (Apollod. 3,47) und Gattin des Neleus (Pherekydes FGrH 3 F 117). Athen. 13,557a erwähnt sie als Gattin des Theseus. Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) Bibliography R. Carden, The Papyrus Fragments …

Antigone

(816 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) | Ameling, Walter (Jena)
(Ἀντιγόνη). [English version] [1] Tochter des Thessalers Pheres Tochter des Thessalers Pheres und Mutter des Argonauten Asterion (Hyg. fab. 14,1). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [English version] [2] Tochter des Königs Eurytion von Phthia Tochter des Königs Eurytion von Phthia, Gattin des Peleus, mit dem sie eine Tochter Polydora hat (Pherek. FGrH 3 F 61a). Peleus tötet aus Versehen Eurytion und flieht deshalb nach Iolkos zu Akastos, der ihn entsühnt. Dessen Frau Astydameia versucht ihn vergeblich für sich zu gewinnen und schi…

Lanassa

(156 words)

Author(s): Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) | Meister, Klaus (Berlin)
(Λάνασσα). [English version] [1] Vorfahrin des moloss. Königshauses Tochter des Kleodaios, Enkelin des Hyllos, Urenkelin des Herakles [1], Ahnfrau des molossischen Königshauses von Epeiros (Plut. Pyrrhos 1,2; Lysimachos, FGrH 382 F 10). Neoptolemos raubt sie aus dem Zeustempel von Dodona, nimmt sie zur Frau und hat mit ihr acht Kinder, darunter Pyrrhos (Iust. 17,3,4). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) Bibliography P. Levêque, Pyrrhos, 1957, 643  …
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