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Grain Trade, Grain Import

(1,231 words)

Author(s): Sallares, Robert (Manchester)
[German version] I. General In the ancient world, grain was the most important commodity in supraregional trade. Three different forms of this trade can be distinguished: 1. regular imports to supply a large urban population whose food requirements could not be met sufficiently by the agriculture of its surrounding countryside, such as in the case of Rome at the time of the late Republic and the Principate; 2. irregular imports into regions in which the population was usually self-sufficient, but wh…

Getreidehandel, Getreideimport

(1,139 words)

Author(s): Sallares, Robert (Manchester)
[English version] I. Allgemeines Getreide (G.) war in der Ant. die wichtigste Ware des überregionalen Handels; drei Formen des G.-Handels lassen sich unterscheiden: 1. regelmäßige Importe, um eine große, städtische Bevölkerung zu versorgen, die nicht allein durch die Landwirtschaft des Umlandes ausreichend ernährt werden konnte, wie etwa Rom zur Zeit der späten Republik und des Prinzipats; 2. …

Grain

(4,159 words)

Author(s): Nissen, Hans Jörg (Berlin) | Sallares, Robert (Manchester)
[German version] I. Ancient Orient The various species of hulled and naked wheat ( triticum = t.) and barley ( hordeum) are among the earliest domesticated plants of the Middle East (Q. Ǧarmu; Çatal H.;  Faiyum). Besides  emmer ( t. dicoccum) and einkorn ( t. monococcum), both hulled, the common or bread wheat (naked; t. aestivum) are also species of wheat. The fact that the hulled sorts, which require more work (removal of the hull through roasting), also predominated in later millennia is ascribed to their better storability [1. 35]. The species o…

Getreide

(3,928 words)

Author(s): Nissen, Hans Jörg (Berlin) | Sallares, Robert (Manchester)
[English version] I. Alter Orient Die verschiedenen bespelzten und nackten Weizen- ( triticum = t.) und Gerstearten ( hordeum) zählen zu den frühesten domestizierten Pflanzen des Vorderen Orients (Q. Ǧarmu; Çatal H.; Fajum). Zu den Weizenarten gehört außer dem Emmer ( t. dicoccum) und dem Einkorn ( t. monococcum), beide bes…