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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Colonization | Macedonia, Macedones | Persian Wars | Delian League (Μένδη; Méndē). Town on the western coast of Pallene [4] near the modern Kalandra on the Chalcidian Peninsula, a colony of Eretria [1] which owed its blossoming from the 6th century BC to a famous wine and the profits from its export. Images on the town's coins, which were minted from as early as the 6th century, also make reference to the wine. In the Athenian tribute quota lists, M. is r…

[German version] (Γίγωνος; Gígōnos). The town situated close to Cape Gigonis, that is probably to be found north-west of modern Nea Kallikrateia on the west coast of the Chalcidian Peninsula, is mentioned in Hdt. 7,123,2 with regard to the campaign of Xerxes; G. is also mentioned in the Athenian tribute quota lists between 434/3 and 421 BC and for 432 as the line of communication of an Athenian army marching from Macedonia to Poteidaia (Thuc. 1,61,5; 62,2), then however, like the cape, it is only mentioned again in the geographical literature. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography F. Papazo…

[German version] (Θεράμβως; Therámbōs). T. is mentioned in Hdt. 7,123,1 as the southeasternmost city on the (Pallene [4] peninsula (Scyl. 66: Thrambēís; Steph. Byz. s. v. Θράμβος), presumably in the area of modern Paliuri. T. appears in the Athenian tribute lists, initially together with Scione and from 446/5 BC separately, with the constant contribution of 1000 drachmai (ATL 1, 284 f.) and seems to have remained in the Delian League until the end of the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC. The further history of T. is not known; T. may have been reincorporated into Scione. Zahrnt, Michael (Kie…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Delian League (Σερμυλία/ Sermylía). City on the right bank of the Chavrias to the south of modern Ormilia at the northern end of the Gulf of Torone (Hdt. 7,122; Scyl. 66). The earliest evidence for S. is on silver coins minted in the 6th cent. BC (HN 207). Judging by the magnitude of its tribute during its membership of the Delian League (ATL 400 f.), varying between three and seven talents, S. was after Torone the most important Chalcidian city. …

[German version] (Τίνδ; Tíndē). A city, probably inland but not precisely located, which, on the evidence of the Athenian tribute lists (ATL 1, 424 f.), was one of the cities of the Crusis that were forced to join the Delian League in 434/3 BC and seceded in 432. T. was a member of the Chalcidian League from before the middle of the 4th cent. BC (Steph. Byz. s. v. Τίνδιον). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. Zahrnt, Olynth und die Chalkidier, 1971, 247.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Delian League (Σίγγος/ Síngos). City on the gulf named after it, on the isthmus of Sithonia at modern Agios Nikolaos. After its mention during the campaign of Xerxes I (Hdt. 7,122), it appears in the Athenian tribute lists, usually with two talents (ATL 1, 402 f.). In 432/1 BC the city seceded from Athens and lost the greater part of its inhabitants to Olynthus. After fighting took place in its territory (IG I3 1184), it was regained by the Athenians and in the Peace of Nicias in 421 (Peloponnesian War D.) was dec…

[German version] (Λήκυθος; Lḗkythos). In 423 BC the Spartan commander Brasidas conquered the fort of L. - mentioned only in Thuc. 4,113-116 - in the area of the town of Torone on the Chalcidic peninsula. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel)

(Ἀέροπος; Aéropos). [German version] [1] Brother of the founder of the Macedonian royal dynasty According to Hdt. 8,137,1 brother of the founder of the Macedonian royal dynasty. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) [German version] [2] I. fourth king of the Macedonians (c. middle of the 6th cent.) A. I, according to Hdt. 8,139 fourth king of the Macedonians ( c. middle of the 6th cent.), probably to be regarded as historical. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography HM, vol. 2, 4. [German version] [3] II. king of the Macedonians (beginning 4th cent. BC) A. II, between 400/399 and c. 394 guardian of Orestes…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Dark Ages | Colonization | Macedonia, Macedones | Macedonia, Macedones | Peloponnesian War | Persian Wars | Delian League | Athenian League (Second) (Τορώνη/ Torṓnē). A city, located at the modern village of Toroni (Hdt. 7,122; Scyl. 66), dominating the whole southern part of Sithonia, the middle finger-like promontory of the Chalcidian peninsula. Its significance in Antiquity was primarily due to an excellent harbour, still in use today, in a bay on the southwestern …

[German version] (Κρουσίς; Krousís). This region named in Hdt. 7,123,2, Thuc. 2,79,4, Str. 7, fr. 21 and Steph. Byz. s.v., lay to the north of  Bottice on the north-west coast of the Chalcidic peninsula between cape Megalo Karaburnu and Nea Kallikrateia. Its coastal towns Aenea, Smila, Scapsa, Gigonus and Haisa are mentioned already in Hecataeus and in Herodotus' account of Xerxes' campaign, and attested, in some cases from 452/1 BC, in others only from 434/3 (together with the inland localities of…

[German version] (Ῥαίκηλος; Rhaíkēlos). According to Aristot. Ath. pol. 15,2, Peisistratus [4] and the Eretrieis (Eretria [1]) colonised a χωρίον/ chōríon ('spot') on the Thermaean Gulf (Thermaios Kolpos) called R., which, on the basis of Lycoph. 1236 f., scholars have from time to time identified with Aenea. In fact, however, it is probably the name of a region in the western Anthemus, in which at the time the Eretrian colony of Dicaea came into being. There is no further mention of the place in a historical context. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography D. Viviers, Pisistratus' Settlem…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Athenian League (Second) (Δίκαια; Díkaia). This colony of  Eretria was probably founded in the middle of the 6th cent. BC with the help of Peisistratus; it lay east of Aineia in the interior, probably near Trilofo. As late as the early years of the Peloponnesian War it was a member of the  Delian League. It was able to keep its autonomy into the first half of the 4th cent., becoming Macedonian no later than 349/8. Its later history is unknown. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography F. Papazoglou, Les villes de Macédoine à l'époqu…

[German version] (Σάρτη; Sártē). Mentioned in Hdt. 7,122 as the southernmost of the towns on the east coast of the Chalcidian Sithonia (Chalcidice), S. should be found in the area of present-day Sarti. S. appears in the Athenian registers of the tribute shares only in 434/3 BC (ATL 1,396 f.), after the area was split off from Torone; in 432, at the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War, it sided with Athens; in 415/4 it appears once more in the evidence as a member of the Delian League. Since it is not mentioned again in the evidence, S. must have been re-incorporated later by Torone. Zahrnt, Michael…

[German version] (Σμίλα; Smíla). City in Crusis (Hecat. FGrH 1 F 148; Hdt. 7,123,2; ATL 1, 410 f., until 421 BC). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. Zahrnt, Olynth und die Chalkidier, 1971, 236.

(Σάνη/ Sánē). [German version] [1] Colony of Andros This item can be found on the following maps: Colonization | Persian Wars | Delian League Colony of Andros on the south side of the isthmus of the Chalcidian Acte (Chalcidice) at the end of the canal built by Xerxes (Hdt. 7,22 f.; 123). As a member of the Delian League, S. paid on average one talent a year in the 5th cent. BC (ATL 1,396 f.). In 432 BC, at the onset of the Peloponnesian War, S. remained on Athens' side and in the winter of 424/423 resisted the attack b…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: | Coloniae | Diadochi and Epigoni | Colonization | Macedonia, Macedones | Macedonia, Macedones | Natural catastrophes | Peloponnesian War | Persian Wars | Punic Wars | Delian League | Athenian League (Second) (Ποτείδαια/ Poteídaia). The Corinthian colony of P. was founded c. 600 BC on the Pallene [4] isthmus (western part of the Chalcidian peninsula) allegedly by a son of the tyrant Periander (Nicolaus of Damascus FGrH 90 F 59). It began minting coins still in the 6th cent. and built a…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Delian League (Ὀλόφυξος; Olóphyxos). City of unknown location on the eastern coast of the Acte peninsula (modern Athos), according to Thuc. 4,109,3f. inhabited by a mixed language population. In the Athenian tribute lists it is listed  from 454/3 BC on with an amount of 2000 drachmai; it remained in the Delian League after 432 and went over to the Spartans only in the winter of 424/3, but could soon be won back. Copper coins are known from the first half of the 4th century, but …

[German version] (Καναστραῖον; Kanastraîon). Cape C., the modern Cape Paliuri, formed the south-eastern tip of the  Pallene peninsula, and is frequently mentioned as a notable coastal landmark by authors and poets, beginning with Herodotus (Hdt. 7,123). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography E. Oberhummer, s.v. K., RE 10, 1955f.

[German version] (Γαλαῖοι; Galaîoi). The G., who appear in the Athenian tribute lists from 436/435 BC, were the citizens of a town on the western coast of Sithonia, close to the modern Neos Marmaras, referred to by Herodotus (Hdt. 7,122), probably erroneously, as Galepsos in his description of Xerxes' campaign. In 432, the G. seceded from Athens and resettled in the enlarged city of Olynthus, but their town was recaptured by Athens before 425, and declared independent in the peace of Nicias of 421. After that, the sources no longer mention it. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. Zahrnt,…

[German version] (Ἀνθεμοῦς; Anthemoûs). Region with both a river (modern Vasilikiotikos) and town (near the modern Galatista) of the same name in the north of the  Chalcidice peninsula. It was Macedonian in the 5th cent. BC (Thuc. 2,99,6), and, in the 4th cent. BC, left for a time to the Chalcidian Confederacy (Xen. Hell. 5,2,13); it supplied a cavalry unit to Alexander's army (Arr. An. 2,9,3). According to inscriptions, the town continued to exist into the imperial age. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. B. Hatzopoulos, L. D. Loukopoulou, Recherches sur les marches orientales des Téménides 1, 1992, 35-67 F. Papazoglou, Les villes de Macédonie à l'époque romaine, 1988, 202 f. M. Zahrnt, Olynth und die Chalkidier, 1971, 152-154.

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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Peloponnesian War | Delian League ( Stageira; Στάγιρα/ Stágira, Στάγιρος/ Stágiros, Στάγειρα/ Stágeira, Στάγειρος/ Stágeiros). Colony of Andros, founded in the 7th cent. on the eastern coast of the Chalcidian peninsula, shown to have been to the east of modern Olympias. In the 6th cent., S. minted splendid silver coins, but as a member of the Delian League paid only 1000 drachmai (ATL 1, 412 f.). In 424 BC S. seceded to Brasidas (Thuc. 4,88,2), in 422 it was unsuccessfully assaulted by Cleon [1] (Thuc. 5…

[German version] (Δέρρις; Dérris). Cape at the southern end of Sithonia opposite Cape Canastraeum on Pallene. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. Zahrnt, Olynth und die Chalkidier, 1971, 180.

[German version] (Βοττική; Bottikḗ). Region on the western coast of the Chalcidice peninsula, named after the inhabitants of the Macedonian Bottiaea, dr…

[German version] (Φλέγρα; Phlégra). According to Hdt. 7,123, the Pallene [4] peninsula originally bore the name of P. In antiquity, P. was thought to be the site of the battle between Heracles [1] and the Giants (Ephorus FGrH 70 F 34; Str. 7a,1,25; 27; Apollod. 1,6,1; 2,7,1; Steph. Byz. s.v. Παλλήνη). The renaming of the peninsula as Pallene can be traced back to the Achaean Pelleneis who landed at the later town of Scione on their return from Troy (Πελληνεῖς/ Pellēneîs, Polyaenus, Strat. 7,47; cf. Thuc. 4,120,1). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Delian League On the east coast of Pallene south of Potidaea. A member of the  Delian League during the 5th cent. BC, A. remained loyal to Athens even after 432 BC; A. received concession…

[German version] (Ἀρύββας; Arýbbas). Son of Alcetas (Plut. Pyrrhus 1,5; Paus. 1,11,1ff.), he became the sole king of the Molossi in about 360 BC after the death of his brother Neoptolemus, with whom he seems to have shared rule, married Neoptolemus' daughter Troas and took over the guardianship of…

[German version] (Σερμαῖοι; Sermaîoi). A city, mentioned from 450/449 until 432/1 in the Athenian tribute lists (ATL 398 f.) and reassessed in 421 BC, probably to be located on the western side of the Chalcidian peninsula; its later history is unknown. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. Zahrnt, Olynth und die Chalkidier, 1971, 223-225.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Delian League (Στρέψα/ Strépsa). A city - probably in the west of the region Anthemus to the south of Basilica - first mentioned for the time of Xerxes' campaign (H…

[German version] (Ἄλωρος; Álōros). Macedonian city located south of the  Haliacmon near Cypsela, hometown of  Ptolemaeus (son-in-law of Macedonian king Amyntas [3] III) and of the trierarch Pantauchus (Alexander's Indus fleet) [1]. Mentioned in ancient geographical literature (cf. Pomponius Mela 2,35); way-station in the imperial period.…

[German version] (Σίνος; Sínos). City in Bottice, known only from the Athenian tribute lists, where it appears four times between 434/3 and 421/0 BC (ATL 1,406 f.). A document from the time of Cassander found in Potidaea (Syll.3 332) mentions estates in the area of Sinaea. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. B. Hatzopoulos, Une donation du roi Lysimaque, 1988  M. Zahrnt, Olynth und die Chalkidier, 1971, 230 f.

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Dark Ages | Ionic | Macedonia, Macedones | Persian Wars | Delian League | Athenian League (Second) (Ὄλυνθος; Ólynthos). In mythology, O. was either a son of the river god Strymon, who died hunting at the site of the future town of O. in the west of Chalcidice, or a son of Hercules. The location of the town named after him, on two elongated hills on the east bank of the Vatunia River, was established by American excavations (1928-1934). The southerly hill was settled from as early as the Neolithic, then again from the 8th cent. BC. The Bottiaeans, who had been driven from their territory at the north-western en…

[German version] (Σκάψα; Skápsa). The Scapsaei, who feature in the Athenian tribute lists (ATL 1, 408 f.) from 452/1 BC onwards, may be identified with the inhabitants of the city of Campsa, located by Hdt. 7,123,2 in Cr…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Peloponnesian War | Delian League (Σπάρτωλος/ Spárt ōlos). The most significant city in the territory of the Bottiaei, hard to locate exactly, first mentioned i…

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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Delian League (Μηκύβερνα/ Mēkýberna). M., which is located about 20 stadia east of Olynthus on the northern coast of the Gulf of Torone, is first mentioned in Hecat. FGrH 1 F 150 and in the context of Xerxes' campaign (Hdt. 7,122). After 446 BC it is recorded in the Athenian tribute lists. In 432, M. revolted against Athens, was dissolved as a …

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[German version] (Θυσσός/ Thyssós). City on the western coast of the Acte peninsula (Chalkidice); remains between the Zographou and Konstamonitou monasteries. It appears in the Athenian lists of tribute quotas with a tribute between 4,000 and 9,000 drachmai, remained in the Delian League (cf. ATL 1, 286 f…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Delian League (ᾌνεια; Áineia). Situated on the north-west coast of the  Chalcidice peninsula, close to the modern Nea Moudania, of unknown origin. Taking coins as evidence, A. was seen as a foundation by  A…

[German version] (Assa). Localized by Hdt. 7,122 on the northern coast of the Gulf of Singus, it was identical with the A. of the tribute lists of the  Delian League and was located at the seaside south of the modern Gomation. In 432 BC, A., together with other Chalcidians, seceded from Athens and, for a while, belonged to the Chalcidic state, later to the Chalc…

[German version] (Σιθωνία/ Sithōnía). Middle finger-like promontory of the Chalcidian peninsula, which, together with its hinterland, was the settlement area of the Chalcidians. The cities of Olynthus, Mecyberna, Sermylia, Pilorus, Assera and possibly Stolus can be located to the north of the isthmus where Singus was and Gale, Torone and Sarte to the south of it. These cities are in the Athenian tribute lists, some from 454/3 BC, some not until shortly before 432, when, except for Torone and Sarte,…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Peloponnesian War | Persian Wars | Delian League (Σκιώνη/ Skiṓnē). City on the southern coast of Pallene [4] between Nea Skioni and Agios Nikolaos. According to local tradition (Thuc. 4,120,1; cf. Konon FGrH 26 F 13;  Polyaenus, Strat. 7,47) S. was founded after the Trojan War by Achaei from Pellene. In the winter of 480/79 BC S. took part in the defence of Potidaea against the Persians (Hdt. 8,128). S. then appears consistently with six talents in the …

[English version] (Ῥαίκηλος). Nach Aristot. Ath. pol. 15,2 besiedelte Peisistratos [4] zusammen mit den Eretrieis (Eretria [1]) am Thermaeischen Golf (Thermaios Kolpos) ein χωρίον/ chōríon (“Platz”) namens Rh., das man bisweilen aufgrund von Lykophr. 1236 f. mit Aineia gleichsetzen wollte. Tatsächlich dürfte es sich aber um den Namen eines Gebietes in der westl. Anthemus handeln, in dem damals die eretrische Kolonie Dikaia entstand. In histor. Kontext wird der Ort nicht weiter genannt. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography D. Viviers, Pisistratus' Settlement on the Thermaic Gulf ... , in: JHS 107, 1987, 193-195.

[English version] (Γίγωνος). Die nahe dem Kap Gigonis, das wohl nordwestl. des h. Nea Kallikrateia an der Westküste der Chalkidischen Halbinsel zu suchen ist, gelegene Stadt wird anläßlich des Xerxes-Zuges bei Hdt. 7,123,2 gen.; ferner wird G. zw. 434/3 und 421 v.Chr. in den Athener Tributquotenlisten und für 432 als Etappenziel eines von Makedonien nach Poteidaia marschierenden athen. Heeres (…

[English version] (Γαλαῖοι). Die seit 436/5 v.Chr. in den Athener Tributquotenlisten verzeichneten G. waren die Bürger einer an der Westküste der Sithonia nahe beim h. Neos Marmaras gelegenen Stadt, die Hdt. 7,122 anläßlich der Schilderung des Xerxes-Zuges wohl irrtümlich unter dem Namen Galepsos nennt. 432 fielen die G. von Athen ab und übersiedelten in die…

[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Attisch-Delischer Seebund | Kolonisation | Makedonia, Makedones | Perserkriege (Μένδη). Ortschaft an der Westküste der Pallene beim h. Kalandra (Chalkidische Halbinsel), eine Kolonie von Eretria [1], die ihre im 6. Jh.v.Chr. beginnende Blüte ihrem berühmten Wein und dem Gewinn aus dessen Export verdankte; auf den Wein nehmen auch die Abb. auf den Mz. der Stadt, deren Prägung noch i…

[English version] (Ἀνθεμοῦς). Landschaft mit Fluß (h. Vasilikiotikos) und Stadt (beim h. Galatista) gleichen Namens im Norden der Chalkidischen Halbinsel. Im 5. Jh. v. Chr. makedonisch (Thuk. 2,99,6); im 4. Jh. zeitweilig dem Chalkidischen Bund überlassen (Xen. hell. 5,2,13), stellte A. eine Reiterabteilung zu Alexanders Heer (Arr. an. 2,9,3). Inschr. zufolge existierte die Stadt bis in die Kaiserzeit. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. B. Hatzopoulos, L. D. Loukopoulou, Recherches sur les marches orientales des Téménides 1, 1992, 35-67  F. Papazoglou, Les villes de Macédonie à l'époque romaine, 1988, 202 f.  M. Zahrnt, Olynth und die Chalkidier, 1971, 152-154.

[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Attisch-Delischer Seebund An der Ostküste der Pallene südl. von Poteidaia. Im 5. Jh. v. Chr. Mitglied des att.-delischen Seebundes, blieb A. den Athenern auch nach 432 v. Chr. treu; d…

(Πολεμοκράτης). [English version] [1] Von Philippos II. eingesetzter Landbesitzer der Chalkidike Erhielt unter Philippos [4] II. Ländereien im neugewonnenen Gebiet im Westen der Chalkidischen Halbinsel; dieser Besitz …

[English version] (Καναστραῖον). Das h. Kap Paliuri gen. Kap K. war das südöstl. Ende der Halbinsel Pallene und wird als auffällige Küstenmarke von Herodot an (Hdt. 7,123) bei Schriftstellern und Dichtern häufig erwähnt. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography E. Oberhummer, s.v. K., RE 10, 1955f.

[English version] (Ἀρύββας). Sohn des Alketas (Plut. Pyrrhus 1,5; Paus. 1,11,1ff.), wurde um 360 v.Chr. nach dem Tod seines Bruders Neoptolemos, mit dem er die Herrschaft geteilt zu haben scheint, alleiniger König der Molosser, heiratete Neoptole…

[English version] (Βοττική). Landschaft an der Westküste der Chalkidischen Halbinsel, nach den um 600 v.Chr. aus der maked. Bottiaia vertriebenen Bewohnern benannt, mit mehreren Städten, von denen nur Olynthos (479 v.Chr. an die Chalkider verloren) sicher lokalisiert ist. Im Att. Seebund vertrat Spartolos als bedeutendste Stadt der B. den Stammesverband, ab 434/3 sind weitere bottiaiische Städte in den ATL verzeichnet. 432 fielen alle Bottiaier von Athen ab und wurden teilweise in die südl. Mygdon…

[English version] (Assa). Von Hdt. 7,122 an der Nordküste des Singitischen Golfs lokalisiert, ist mit A. der Tributquotenlisten des Attisch-Delischen Seebundes identisch und lag südl. vom h. Gomation am Meer. A. fiel 432 v.Chr. mit anderen Chalkidiern von Athen ab und gehörte seither zeitweise zum chalkidischen Staat, später zum Bund (FGrH Theopompos 115 fr. 147). Mit dessen Ende wurde A. maked., zuletzt um 200 v.Chr. in einer delph. Theorodokenliste genannt. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography …

[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Attischer Seebund (Δίκαια). Die wahrscheinlich in der Mitte des 6. Jh. unter Mithilfe des Peisistratos gegr. Kolonie von Eretria lag östl. von Aineia im Landesinneren (wohl bei Trilofo) und ist bis in die ersten Jahre des Peloponnesischen Krieges als Mitglied des Attisch-Delischen Seebundes bezeugt. Sie konnte in der ersten H. des 4. Jh. ihre Autonomi…

[English version] (Φλέγρα). Nach Hdt. 7,123 trug die Halbinsel Pallene [4] urspr. den Namen Ph. In der Ant. lokalisierte man hier den Kampf zw. Herakles [1] und den Giganten (Ephoros FGrH 70 F 34; Strab. …

[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Attisch-Delischer Seebund | Attischer Seebund | Dunkle Jahrhunderte | Ionisch | Makedonia, Makedones | Perserkriege (Ὄλυνθος). Nach dem Mythos war O. entweder ein Sohn des Flußgottes Strymon, der an der Stelle der späteren Stadt O. im westl. Teil der Chalkidischen Halbinsel (Chalkidische Halbinsel) auf der Jagd ums Leben kam, oder ein Sohn des Herakles. Die Lage der nach ihm benannten Stadt auf zwei länglichen Hügeln am Ostufer des Vatuniaflusses ist du…

[English version] (Ἄλωρος). Südl. des Haliakmon bei Kypsela gelegene maked. Stadt, Heimat des Ptolemaios (Schwiegersohn des maked. Königs Amyntas [3] III.) und des Trierarchen Pantauchos (Alexanders Indosflotte) [1]. In der ant. geogr. Lit. (vgl. Mela 2,35) erwähnt; in der Kaiserzeit Straßenstation. …

[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Attisch-Delischer Seebund | Attischer Seebund | Coloniae | Diadochen und Epigonen | Kolonisation | Makedonia, Makedones | Makedonia, Makedones | Naturkatastrophen | Peloponnesischer Krieg | Perserkriege | Punische Kriege | Straßen (Ποτείδαια). Die korinthische Kolonie P. wurde um 600 v. Chr. auf dem Isthmos der Pallene [4] (Westen der chalkidischen Halbinsel) angeblich von einem Sohn des Tyrannen Periandros gegr. (Nikolaos von Damaskos FGrH 90 F 59). Sie begann noch im…

[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Attisch-Delischer Seebund (Αἴνεια). An der N…

(Ἀέροπος). [English version] [1] Bruder des Begründers der maked. Königsdynastie Nach Hdt. 8,137,1 Bruder des Begründers der maked. Königsdynastie. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) …

[English version] (Κρουσίς). Diese bei Hdt. 7,123,2, Thuk. 2,79,4, Strab. 7, fr. 21 und Steph. Byz. s.v. K. gen. Landschaft lag nördl. der Bottike an der NW-Küste der Chalkidischen Halbinsel zw. Kap Megalo Karaburnu und Nea Kallikrateia. Ihre Küstenstä…

[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Attisch-Delischer Seebund (Ὀλόφυξος). Stadt unbekannter Lage an der Ostküste der Akte (h. Athos), nach Thuk. 4,109,3f. von einer gemischtsprachigen Bevölkerung bewohnt. In den Athener Tributquotenlisten ist sie seit 454/3 v.Chr. mit einem Betrag von 2000 Drachmen verzeichnet, blieb auch nach 432 im Seebund und ging erst im Winter 424/3 zu den Spartanern über, konnte aber bald zurückgewonnen werden. Aus der ersten H. des 4. Jh. sind Kupfer-M…

[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Attisch-Delischer Seebund (Μηκύβερνα). Das 20 Stadien östl. von Olynthos an der Nordküste des Golfs von Torone gelegene M. ist erstmals bei Hekat. FGrH 1 F 150 sowie im Rahmen des Xerxeszuges (Hdt. 7,122) erwähnt und dann ab 446 v.Chr. in den Athener Tributquotenlisten verzeichnet. 432 fiel M. von Athen ab, wurde als pólis aufgelöst und verlor seine Bevölkerung an Olynthos, wurde aber noch vor 425 zurückerobert. Im “Nikiasfrieden” (Peloponnesischer Krieg) wurde die Unabhängigkeit der Stadt von Olynthos festgelegt, doch bemächtigte sich Olynthos ihrer im folgenden Winter…

[English version] (Δέρρις). Kap am Südende der Sithonia gegenüber dem Kap Kanastraion auf der Pallene. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. Zahrnt, Olynth und die Chalkidier, 1971, 180.

(Μακρόβιοι; Makróbioi, Lat. Macrobii). [German version] [1] According to Herodotus 'the long-lived Ethiopians' According to Herodotus, Cambyses had also the intention of campaigning against the ‘long-living Ethiopians’ (μακροβίους Αἰθίοπας, Hdt. 3,17,1), who lived on the ‘southern sea’ (νοτίῃ θαλάσσῃ, Hdt. l.c.; cf. also Hdt. 3,21-23). Since this notíēi thalássēi (νοτίῃ θαλάσσῃ) of Herodotus' is lost in mythical darkness, it is useless to speculate on the locales of the ‘long-living Ethiopians’, who are occasionally incorrectly separated from…

(Ἀρριδαῖος; Arrhidaîos) [German version] [1] Ruler of Upper-Macedonian Elimea (5th cent. AD) Son or son-in-law of Macedonian king  Amyntas [1] I and ruler of the Upper Macedonian region of Elimea (schol. Thuc. 1,57,3). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography F. Geyer, Makedonien bis zur Thronbesteigung Philipps II., 1930, 78f. HM, Vol. 2, 18f. [German version] [2] Father of King…

(Θρασυδαῖος/ Thrasydaîos). [German version] [1] From Elis, c. 400 BC T. from Elis. Leader of anti-Spartan democrats in the war between Elis and Sparta (402-400 BC), after initial successes in 400 he had to conclude a peace in which the Eleans abandoned dependent towns with the exception of Olympia (Xen. Hell. 3,2,21-31; Diod. 14,17,4-12; 34,1; Paus. 3,8,3-5). Welwei, Karl-Wilhelm (Bochum) …

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[German version] (Χαλκιδική; Chalkidikḗ). The name C., used today for the entire peninsula with its three extended fingers, in antiquity referred only to the area occupied by the Chalcidians on Sithonia and its hinterland, which they probably settled before the great period of Greek colonization (middle of the 8th cent. BC). The coastal towns are first mentioned by name at the time of Xerxes' march, and later, together with inland towns, as members of the Athenian League. In 432 the majority secede…

(Οὐρανόπολις/ Ouranópolis). [German version] [1] City on Acte City on Acte (Athos I), founded by Alexarchus, the younger brother of Cassander; according to Plin. HN 4,37 and Str. 7a,1,35, it is to be found on the isthmus of Acte. U. can be connected with the extensive ruins south-west …

(Αἰακίδης; Aiakídēs). [German version] [1] Patronym for mythical descendents of Aeacus, the Molossian king Patronym for mythical and historical figures, who traced their lineage back to Aeacus: Peleus, Achilles, Neoptolemus,…

[German version] [1] From Cyrene, c. 100 BC (Στόλος; Stólos). Son of Theon, probably from Cyrene, later honoured with Athenian citizenship; archedéatros in Cyrene in 108 BC, later admiral of Ptolemaeus [15] IX on Cyprus between 107 and 104. Ameling, Walter (Jena) Bibliography R. S. Bagnall, S. the Admiral, in: Phoenix 26, 1972, 358-368  H. Hauben, Was S. a Cyrenaean?, in: ZPE 25, 1977, 221-226  J. Pouilloux, Salaminiens de Chypre à Delos, in: BCH Suppl. 1, 1973, 406-411. [German version] [2] City This item can be found on the following maps: Delian League (Στῶλος; Stōlos). Inland cit…

(Ζωπυρίων; Zōpyríōn). [German version] [1] From Macedonia, governor of Thrace, second half of the 4th cent. BC Macedonian of unknown origin, who as governor of Thrace allegedly undertook a campaign with 30,000 men across the Danube c. 325 BC, advanced as far as the Borysthenes (modern Dnieper), besieged Olbia [1], but as his army was severely worn down by ba…

(Ἄθως; Áthōs). [German version] I. Classical and Hellenistic era Highest elevation on the largely forested peninsula of the same name, which in antiquity was mostly called Acte; it is almost 50 km long and averages 6-8 km wide. On its south-east tip…

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(Περδίκκας; Perdíkkas). [German version] [1] Founder of the Macedonian kingdom According to Herodotus (8,137-139), P. was the 7th-cent. BC founder of the Macedonian royal house and the Macedonian kingdom, whose beginnings lay in the region of the subsequent royal seat of Aegae [1]. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. Zahrnt, Die Entwicklung des makedonischen Reiches bis zu den Perserkriegen, in: Chiron 14, 1984, 345-348. [German version] [2] P. II Macedonian king, c. 450-413 BC Son of Alexander [2] I, king of Macedonia c. 450-413 BC, asserted himself against his brothers …

[English version] [1] Salb- und Ölgefäß (ἡ λήκυθος). Griech. Oberbegriff für Salb- und Ölgefäße unterschiedlicher Form und Größe mit enger Mündung, auch Alabastron und Aryballos umfassend; h. nach schol. Plat. Hipp. min. 368C insbes. Bezeichnung att. Grabgefäße des 6. und 5. Jh.v.Chr., die …

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(Ἄθως). [English version] I. Klassische und hellenistische Zeit Höchste Erhebung auf der gleichnamigen, in der Ant. zumeist Akte genannten, fast 50 km langen und durchschnittlich 6-8 km breiten, weitgehend bewaldeten Halbinsel, an deren SO-Spi…

(Αἰακίδης). [English version] [1] Patronym mythischer Nachfahren des Aiakos molossischen Könige Patronym mythischer und histor. Gestalten, die ihr Geschlecht auf Aiakos zurückführten: Peleus, Achilleus, Neoptolemos, die molossischen Könige [1]. Graf, Fritz (Princeton) Bibliography 1 P. R. Franke, Die ant. Mz. von Epirus, 1961, 270.42 (Lit.). …

(Περδίκκας). [English version] [1] Gründer des maked. Reiches Nach Herodot (8,137-139) war P. im 7. Jh.v.Chr. der Begründer des maked. Königshauses und des maked. Reiches, dessen Anfänge im Gebiet der späteren Residenz Aigai [1] lagen. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography M. Zahrnt, Die Entwicklung des maked. Reiches bis zu den Perserkriegen, in: Chiron 14, 1984, 345-348. [English version] [2] P. II. Makedonenkönig ca. 450-413 v. Chr. Sohn des Alexandros [2] I., König der Makedonen ca. 450-413 v.Chr., setzte sich erst allmählich gegen seine Brüder durch, bewa…

(Ἀρριδαῖος). [English version] [1] Fürst der obermaked. Elimeia (5. Jh. v. Chr.) Sohn oder Schwiegersohn des Makedonenkönigs Amyntas [1] I. und Fürst der obermaked. Elimeia (Schol. Thuk. 1,57,3). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) Bibliography F. Geyer, Makedonien bis zur Thronbesteigung Philipps II., 1930, 78f.  HM,…

(Μακρόβιοι, lat. Macrobii). [English version] [1] nach Herodot ›langlebige Aithiopen‹ Na…

(Ἄκανθος). [English version] [1] Kolonie von Andros Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Attisch-Delischer Seebund | Kolonisation | Makedonia, Makedones | Peloponnesischer Krieg | Perserkriege An der Ostküste der Chalkidischen Halbinsel beim h. Ierissos gelegene Kolonie von Andros; während des Xerxeszuges (480/79 v. Chr.) wichtiger persischer Stützpunkt (Hdt. 7,22; 115 ff.); später Mitglied des Att.-Delischen Seebundes, fiel 424 v. Chr. ab (Thuk. 4,84-88) und konnte sich auch gegenüber dem Chalkidischen Bund behaupten (Syll.3 1,135). Seit 349/8 v. Chr. ma…

[English version] Der h. für die ganze in drei Finger auslaufende Halbinsel gebrauchte Name Chalkidike (Χαλκιδική) bezeichnete in ant. Zeit nur das Siedlungsgebiet der Chalkider auf der Sithonia mit Hinterland, wohin diese wohl vor der großen griech. Kolonisation (Mitte 8.Jh.…

(ᾘών; Ēiṓn). [German version] [1] City on the left shore of the Strymon This item can be found on the following maps: Achaemenids | Macedonia, Macedones | Peloponnesian War | Persian Wars (ἡ ἐπὶ Στρυμόνι). City on the left sho…

(Ἄμπελος; Ámpelos). [German version] [1] Cape on the south-eastern coast of  Crete Cape on the south-eastern coast of  Crete (Ptol. 3,17,4), according to Plin. HN 4,59 also one of the oppida insignia. The town is to be localized close to the modern town of Xerokampos. Graves and ceramics (i.a. of Rhodian origin) from the Hellenistic-Roman period. Sonnabend, Holger (Stuttgart) Bibliography C. Bursian, Geogr. von Griechenland 2, 1972, 577 f. I. F. Sanders, Roman Crete, 1982, 137. [German version] [2] Cape on the south-western tip of the island of  Samos Cape on the south-western …

(Παλλήνη/ Pallḗnē). [German version] [1] Daughter of the giant Alcyoneus Also called Palene (Παλήνη/ Palḗnē): Suda s.v. Ἀλκυονίδες ἡμέραι. According to Hegesander (or Agesander: FHG 4, 422, fr. 46), daughter of the giant Alcyoneus [1], who, along with her sisters (Alcyonides [2]), threw herself into the ocean from the Canastraeum, only to be turned into a kingfisher ( alkyṓn, after her father) by Amphitrite (Suda l.c.; Eust. ad Hom. Il. 1,563, p. 776,33-39 (according to Pausanias); Apostolius Paroemiographus 2,20). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography P.M.C. Forbes Irving, Metamo…

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(Ἄμπελος). [English version] [1] Kap an der Südostküste von Kreta Kap an der Südostküste von Kreta (Ptol. 3,17,4), nach Plin. nat. 4,59 auch eine der oppida insignia. Die Stadt ist nahe beim h. Xerokampos zu lokalisieren. Gräber und Keramik (u. a. rhodischer Provenienz) aus hell.-röm. Zeit.…

(Παλλήνη). [English version] [1] Tochter des Giganten Alkyoneus (auch Palene/Παλήνη: Suda s.v. Ἀλκυονίδες ἡμέραι). Nach Hegesandros (oder Agesandros: FHG 4, 422, fr. 46) Tochter des Giganten Alkyoneus [1], die sich zusammen mit ihren Schwestern (Alkyonides [2]) nach dessen Tod vom Kanastraion ins Meer stürzt und, wie diese, von Amphitrite in einen Eisvogel ( alkyṓn, nach ihrem Vater) verwandelt wird (Suda l.c.; Eust. ad Hom. Il. 1,563, p. 776,33-39 (nach Pausanias); Apostolius Paroemiographus 2,20). Antoni, Silke (Kiel) Bibliography P.M.C. Forbes Irving, Metamorphosis in G…

(Ἀντιγόνεια; Antigóneia). [German version] [1] City in Syria This item can be found on the following maps: Diadochi and Epigoni In Syria (Str. 16,750; Diod. Sic. 20,47) at the Orontes. Founded by An…

(Ποσείδιον/ Poseídion). [German version] [1] Sanctuary of Poseidon Samios on the coast of Triphylia Sanctuary of Poseidon Samios with a busy harbour on the coast of Triphylia (probably meant in  Hom. Od. 3,4 ff.; Str. 8,3,13; 3,16 f.; 3,20) in the Klidi coastal pass at the foot of the Kaiapha mountains, exact location not known. The P. was once the central sanctuary of Triphylia with a festival of its own. The cult statue of Poseidon at the time of Pausanias (2nd cent. AD) was in Elis [2] (Paus. 6,25,6). Samicum Lafond, Yves (Bochum) Bibliography R. Baladié, Le Péloponnèse de Strabon, 198…

(Ποσείδιον). [English version] [1] Heiligtum des Poseidon Samios an der Küste von Triphylia Heiligtum des Poseidon Samios mit frequentiertem Hafen an der Küste von Triphylia (wohl schon bei Hom. Od. 3,4 ff. gemeint; Strab. 8,…

[English version] [1] Stadt in Syrien Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Diadochen und Epigonen in Syrien (Strab. 16,750; Diod. 20,47) am Orontes. Gründung des Antigonos im J. 207 v. Chr. (Liv. 44,10 ora Antigonea). Sontheimer, Walther (Stuttgart) [English version] [2] Stadt an der Westküste der Chalkidischen Halbinsel An der Westküste der Chalkidischen Halbinsel (bei Hagios Pavlos?), wohl von Antigonos [2] als Gegengewicht zu Kassandreia (Poteidaia) gegründet. In histor. Kontext nur um 200 v. Chr. in einer delph. Theorodokenlis…

(Στρατονίκη; Stratoníkē). [German version] [1] Daughter of Alexander [2] I, c. 500 BC Daughter of the Macedonian king Alexander [II 2] I. In the winter of 429/8 BC, she was married by her brother Perdiccas [2] II to Seuthes [1], nephew of the Odrysian king Sitalces [1], in exchange for Seuthes' having achieved the withdrawal of Thracian troops from Macedonia (Thuc. 2,101,5 f.). Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) [German version] [2] Wife of Antigonus [1], 4th cent. BC Daughter of one Corrhagus, married to Antigonus [1], mother of Demetrius [2] Poliorketes and a Philippus, who died…

[English version] [1] Hafenbucht westl. vom Kap Malea [1] (Νύμφαιον). Hafenbucht westl. vom Kap Malea [1] mit kleiner Siedlung bei einer Kapelle der Hagia Marina (Paus. 3,23,2). Olshausen, Eckart (Stuttgart) Bibliography E. Meyer, s.v. N. (1), RE 17, 1600. [English version] [2] Ant. und h. Name der Südspitze der Halbinsel Akte (Νυμφαῖον). Ant. und h. Name der Südspitze der Halbinsel Akte (h. Athos). Belege: Strab. 7a,1,32; Ptol. 3,13,11. Zahrnt, Michael (Kiel) [English version] [3] Ort an der Küste des Schwarzen Meeres Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: …

[German version] I. Persons (Δίων; Díōn) Meister, Klaus (Berlin) [German version] [I 1] Close friend of Plato and defender of his philosophy Son of Hipparinus, brother-in-law and son-in-law of Dionysius I of Syracuse, b. 409 BC, close friend of Plato and defender of his philosophy since Plato's first visit to Syracuse in 388. He gained prestige and wealth as Dionysius' I' trusted friend and advisor and also remained an influential person under Dionysius II. In 366, he arbitrated the peace with Carthage and called Pl…

I. Sanctuary [German version] A. Etymology and definition The word νυμφαῖον/ nymphaîon is first attested in the 4th cent. BC, on Delos (IG XI,2,144, A l. 91). It originally designated a sanctuary of the nymphs. A nymphaeum is first attested in Itanus on Crete in the 3rd cent. BC together with a water reservoir (ILS 9458). The Latinised form nymphaeum is first found in Pomponius Mela (first half of the 1st cent. AD, Mela 2,3), for a nymph sanctuary in Chersonessus. Conversely, Plinius (HN 35,151) used the word nymphaeum to describe a well with a statue in it (Corinth). The modern t…

(Παυσανίας; Pausanías). [German version] [1] Spartiate from the house of the Agiads Spartiate from the house of the Agiads, son of Cleombrotus [1], after whose death (480/479 BC) he became guardian for his cousin Pleistarchus [1] and 'regent' (Hdt. 9,10; Thuc. 1,132,1; Paus. 3,4,9), father of the later king Pleistoanax (Thuc. 1,107,2). In 479, P. led the contingent of the Hellenic confederacy of 481 to victory over the Persians at Plataeae (Persian Wars), where at first the Greeks almost suffered a catastro…