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Oppidum
(1,377 words)
[German version] I. Italo-Roman An
o
ppidum (plural
oppida) was originally the fortress of an Italian tribe, the principal settlement of a
civitas (A.) or
pagus , which was fortified with earthworks. The
aborigines lived in the mountains "without walls in villages and scattered" (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 1,9,2). Oenotrus, a mythical founder of cities, colonized small towns (
póleis mikrás, Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 1,12,1) in the…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Kosmoi
(181 words)
(κόσμοι;
kósmoi). [German version] [1] Official in Cretan cities Name of the highest official in Cretan
poleis, before the 3rd cent. BC, also attested as
ho kósmos (singular) or
hoi kosmíontes (plural).
Kosmoi had political and military leadership functions in addition to their representative and judicial duties. The department of the
kosmoi could include up to 10 officials and a ‘leader’ (
startagétas =
stratēgós; later
prōtókosmos). It …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Leon
(1,337 words)
(Λέων;
Léōn). Cf. also Leo. Byzantine emperor Leo [4-9]. Sicilian place name L. [13]. [German version] [1] Spartan king, 6th cent. BC Spartan king, Agiad ( Agiads), grandfather of Cleomenes [3] I (Hdt. 5,39); is said to have been successful in war together with his fellow king Agasicles in the early 6th cent. BC, but to have been defeated by Tegea (Hdt. 1,65). Sparta is said to have already achieved
…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
