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Timotheus
(2,915 words)
(Τιμόθεος;
Timótheos). [German version] [1] T. of Metapontum Greek physician, c. 400 BC Greek physician,
fl.
c. 400 BC. According to the Anonymus Londiniensis (8,8), T. believed that disease was the result of the blockage of passages through which residues would have been excreted. Residues that have risen up from the entire body are forced to remain in the head until they are transformed into a saline, acrid fluid. They then break out and cause a wide variety of disease, whose character is determined by the place or places to which they flow.. Humoral theory Nutton, Vivian (London) …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Papirius
(3,269 words)
Roman
nomen gentile, in its older form, Papisius (Cic. Fam. 9,21,3), from which one of the 16 old rural tribes (
tribus ) took its name. The patrician
gens formed several branches at an early time (5th/4th cents. BC: Crassi, Cursores, Mugillani, 3rd cent.: Masones) who played a significant role in the military successes of the Republic, but became either extinct no later than the 2nd cent. BC or politically insignificant. The younger plebeian branch of the Carbones rose in the 2nd half of the 2nd cent. and gained notoriety…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Antipater
(2,083 words)
[German version] [1] Macedonian commander (320-319 BC) Son of Iolaus, 399/398 BC, was certainly already active militarily and diplomatically under Philippus and under his father Amyntas and brothers. He was especially connected with Alexander [4] and secured his throne after the murder of Philippus. During Alexander's invasion in Asia he remained with half of the Macedonian army as governor of Europe. He monitored Greece and sent mercenaries and Macedonian contingents during the first year of the …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Papirius
(2,916 words)
Römischer Gentilname, in älterer Form
Papisius (Cic. fam. 9,21,3), nach dem eine der 16 alten Landtribus (
tribus ) benannt war. Die patrizische
gens bildete schon früh mehrere Zweige (5./4. Jh.v.Chr.: Crassi, Cursores, Mugillani, 3. Jh.: Masones), die maßgeblich an den mil. Erfolgen der Republik beteiligt waren, jedoch spätestens im 2. Jh.v.Chr. ausstarben bzw. polit. unbedeutend wurden. Der jüngere plebeiische Zweig der Carbones stieg in der 2. H. des 2. Jh. auf und erlangte notorische Bekanntheit durch die gracchen…
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Der Neue Pauly
Philippus
(7,662 words)
[German version] I Greek (Φίλιππος/
Phílippos). Macedonian kings P. [3-7], including P. [4] II, P. [7] V; the apostle and evangelist P. [28]; philosophers and poets P. [29-32]. [German version] [I 1] Spartan naval leader in 411 BC Spartiate, commander at Miletus in 412 BC (Thuc. 8,28,5), sent in 411 with two triremes to Aspendus to move, with the support of Tissaphernes, the Phoenician fleet to fight Athens (Thuc. 8,87), but soon told the
naúarchos Mindarus that his mission would be unsuccessful (Thuc. 8,99; [1. 244]). Peloponnesian War Welwei, Karl-Wilhelm (Bochum) Bibliography
1 B. …
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Brill’s New Pauly
Iulius
(18,763 words)
Name of an old patrician family, probably connected with the name of the god Jupiter [1. 281; 2. 729]. The
gens was one of the so-called ‘Trojan families’, who were said to have moved from Alba Longa to Rome under king Tullus Hostilius [I 4] (see below). The Iulii were prominent in the 5th and 4th cents. BC. Their connection to the family branch of the Caesares, which rose to prominence from the 3rd cent. and whose outstanding member was the dictator Caesar (with family tree), is unclear. Caesar's adoptive son,…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Diogenes
(4,653 words)
(Διογένης;
Diogénēs). Known personalities: the Cynic D. [14] of Sinope, the philosophical historian D. [17] Laertius. I. Politically active personalities [German version] [1] Macedonian troop commander in Attica since 233 BC Athenian (?) [1. 341,1], Macedonian troop commander in Attica since 233 BC, who is supposed to have demanded Corinth from the Achaeans (Plut. Arat. 34,1-4) [2. 168,63] at the rumour of the death of Aratus [2]; after the death of Demetrius [3] II in 229, he facilitated the liberation of Athens from Maced…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Alexander
(7,586 words)
(Ἀλέξαδρος;
Aléxandros). Famous personalities: Alexander the Great [4] (III.); the Philosopher Alexander [26] of Aphrodisias. I. Myth [German version] [1] see Paris see Paris. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) II. Associated Hellenistic ruling families [German version] [2] A. I. Macedonian king, 1st half of the 5th cent. BC Son of Amyntas [1] and his negotiator with Darius. As Macedonian king he supported Xerxes' invasion of Greece, but pretended to be a friend of the Greeks (later called ‘Philhellen’). Herodotus has subtly shown his ambigu…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Alexandros
(7,048 words)
Bekannte Persönlichkeiten: Alexander [4] d. Gr. (III.); der Philosoph A. [26] aus Aphrodisias. I. Mythos [English version] [1] anderer Name des Paris s. Paris. Badian, Ernst (Cambridge, MA) II. Angehörige hellenistischer Herrscherfamilien [English version] [2] A. I. Makedon. König (1. H. 5. Jh. v. Chr.) Sohn von Amyntas [1] und sein Unterhändler mit Dareios. Als maked. König unterstützte er Xerxes' Invasion in Griechenland, gab aber vor, ein Freund der Griechen zu sein (später “Philhellen” genannt). Herodot hat seine Zweideutigkeit subtil …
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Der Neue Pauly
Diogenes
(4,506 words)
(Διογένης). Bekannte Persönlichkeiten: der Kyniker D. [14] von Sinope, der Philosophiehistoriker D. [17] Laertios. I. Politisch aktive Persönlichkeiten [English version] [1] makedon. Truppenkommandant in Attika seit 233 v. Chr. Athener (?) [1. 341,1], seit 233 v.Chr. maked. Truppenkommandant in Attika, soll beim Gerücht vom Tod des Aratos [2] von den Achaiern Korinth gefordert haben (Plut. Arat. 34,1-4) [2. 168,63]; ermöglichte nach dem Tod des Demetrios [3] II. im J. 229 mit der Preisgabe des Piraeus und anderer Garnisonen…
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Der Neue Pauly
Iulius
(17,472 words)
Name einer alten patrizischen Familie, wohl verbunden mit dem Götternamen Iuppiter [1. 281; 2. 729]. Die
gens gehörte zu den sog. “trojanischen Familien”, die angeblich unter König Tullus Hostilius [I 4] aus Alba Longa nach Rom übergesiedelt waren (s.u.). Im 5. und 4. Jh.v.Chr. waren die Iulli bedeutend. Unklar bleibt die Verbindung zum Zweig der Caesares, die ab dem 3. Jh. hervortraten und deren herausragender Angehöriger der Dictator Caesar war [Stammbaum: 3. 183f.]. Sein Adoptivsohn, der spätere Kaiser Aug…
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Der Neue Pauly
Philippos
(6,203 words)
(Φίλιππος). Die maked. Könige Ph. [3-7], darunter Ph. [4] II., Ph. [7] V.; Apostel und Evangelist Ph. [28]; Philosophen und Dichter Ph. [29-32]. [English version] [1] Spartanischer Flottenführer 411 v. Chr. Spartiat, Befehlshaber in Miletos 412 v.Chr. (Thuk. 8,28,5), wurde 411 mit zwei Trieren nach Aspendos geschickt, um dort mit Unterstützung des Tissaphernes die phoinikische Flotte zum Kampf gegen Athen zu bewegen (Thuk. 8,87), teilte aber dem
naúarchos Mindaros bald mit, seine Mission werde ergebnislos sein (Thuk. 8,99; [1. 244]). Peloponnesischer Krieg Welwei, Karl-Wilhe…
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Der Neue Pauly