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[German version] (Κράντωρ; Krántōr) of Soli. Academic philosopher of the early 3rd cent. BC. Studied with  Xenocrates and  Polemon. He surrounded himself with a considerable number of students (Diog. Laert. 4,24). It is unclear whether he was scholar of the  Academy for a short period of time. His favourite student was  Arcesilaus [5]. Little has survived of his voluminous and varied writings (Diog. Laert. 4,24: 30,000 lines). The writing ‘On Mourning’ (Περὶ Πένθους) was famous and decisive for the…

[German version] (Δεινόμαχος; Deinómachos). Philosopher whose dates and school cannot be precisely determined; little can be deduced doxographically. He is mentioned only in association with Calliphon, who is scarcely more easily placed: both represent a position recorded in a discourse on the divisio Carneadea ( Carneades) in Cic. Fin. 5,21, seeing virtue ( honestas) allied with pleasure (ἡδονή) as the goal of human action (Clem. Al. Strom. 2,21,127; also critically commented upon in Cic. Off. 3,119; Tusc. 5,85). Stanzel, Karl-Heinz (Tübingen)

[German version] (Ἔραστος; Érastos) from Scepsis. 4th cent. BC; a pupil of Plato, he took part in the philosophical delegation to Hermias at Assos (Didymus, In Demosthenem commenta V 54 = F 7 Lasserre). According to Philod. Index academicorum VI 10-12, E. like Asclepiades of Phleius was the author of a text ‘Memories ( Apomnēmoneúmata) of Plato’, otherwise unknown. Stanzel, Karl-Heinz (Tübingen) Bibliography F. Lasserre, De Léodamas de Thasos à Philippe d' Oronte. Témoignages et fragments, 1987.

[German version] (Λακύδης; Lakýdēs) of Cyrene. Academic philosopher of the 3rd cent. BC. Took over the leadership of the Academy from Arcesilaus [5], which he held, according to Diog. Laert. 4,60/61, for 26 years and handed over in his own lifetime to Evander and Telecles. How the information contained in Philod. Academicorum Index 27,1-7 is to be reconciled with this is disputed (details in [1. 831]). L. died most likely in the year 207 BC ([1. 830], differently [2. 50]). He lectured in a garden…

(Σπεύσιππος/ Speúsippos), c. 410-339/8 BC [German version] A. Life Academic philosopher, c. 410-339/8 BC Academic philosopher, son of Plato's sister Potone, who succeeded his uncle as scholarch of the Academy (from 348/7 BC, the year of Plato's [1] death; Academy), without having been appointed by means of an official election; the family relationship may have been the decisive factor. A fundamental organisational innovation in the Academy is linked to his name: the introduction of school fees; lessons during…

[German version] (Ἑστιαῖος; Hestiaîos) from Perinthus (4th cent. BC), student of Plato (Philod. Academicorum index 6,2 after Timaeus; Diog. Laert. 3,46), who, according to Simplicius, together with Aristotle and Heraclides [15] Ponticus the Elder heard Plato's lectures ‘On the Good’ and also recorded them. According to Theophrastus' testimony (Metaphysica 11-13 = F 2 Lasserre = Testimonium Platonicum 30 Gaiser), H., like Xenocrates, also concerned himself to a certain extent with the derivation of the realms of being from the principles.  Academy Stanzel, Karl-Heinz (Tübinge…

[German version] (Ἀξιοθέα; Axiothéa) from Phleius. She is supposed to have come to the Academy after reading a work by Plato about government and to have attended classes there with Lastheneia of Mantinea, whilst dressed like a man (Diog. Laert. 3,46 = Dicaearchus F 44 W.).  Academy Stanzel, Karl-Heinz (Tübingen) Bibliography T. Dorandi, Assiotea e Lastenia. Due donne all'Academia, in: Atti e Memorie Accademia Toscana ‘La Colombaria’ 54, 1989, 53-66.

[German version] A fragment preserved on papyrus of a commentary with rather selective interpretations on the Platonic dialogue Theaetetus (mainly concerning the section 142d to 153de). [1] is now the definitive edition with a detailed introduction and commentary. The exact dating is controversial. The common assumption that the fragment originates from the 2nd cent. AD was recently challenged by the attempt of dating it to the pre-Christian era; more at [1. 256]. The anonymous author, who mentions several commen…

[German version] The Corpus Platonicum contains in its appendix several dialogues which were already generally agreed to be false in antiquity (ὁμολογουμένως νοθευόμενοι; homologouménōs notheuómenoi). Besides the dialogues Sisyphus, Demodocus (actually containing four conversations), Περὶ δικαίου ( Perì dikaíou), Περὶ ἀρετῆς ( Perì aretês), Alcyon, Eryxias and Axiochus, which follow the Hóroi in the MSS, five additional titles are named by Diog. Laert. 3,62. The appendix was created mainly in order to support the order by tetralogies, although t…

[German version] (Κορίσκος; Korískos) from Scepsis; a Socratic often mentioned c. 375-350 BC alongside  Erastus (Str. 13,1,54); accompanied Plato to Hermias at Assus; recipient of the sixth of Plato's letters. Father of Neleus, to whom Theophrastus bequeathed the body of Aristotle's writings. Stobaeus passes down an apophthegm on death by C. in his old age (Stob. 3,7,53 = T 9 Lasserre). Stanzel, Karl-Heinz (Tübingen) Bibliography F. Lasserre, De Léodamas de Thasos à Philippe d'Oponte. Témoignages et fragments, 1987.

[German version] (Τιμωνίδης/ Timōnídēs) of Leucas, 4th cent. BC; according to Plut. Dion 31,3, a friend and comrade-in-arms of Dion [I 1] in the latter's attempt to overthrow Dionysius [2] II in Syracuse and seize power himself. He is named by Plutarch among those who actively supported Dion's military venture (Plut. Dion 22,5). According to Diog. Laert. 4,5, T. also wrote letters to Speusippus reporting on Dion's activities in Syracuse. These writings, in which T., not shrinking from distortion, s…

[German version] (Τηλεκλῆς; Tēleklês). Academian philosopher of the 3rd/ 2nd cent. BC from Phocaea, after Lacydes' resignation from leading the Academy ( Akadḗmeia ) he apparently held a prominent position alongside Evander [3] (cf. Diog. Laert. 4,60). T. had his own pupils and gave lectures, but we know nothing of any writings or specific doctrines, Apollodorus [7] ( Chroniká 30 Dorandi) gives 167/6 BC as the year of his death; T. presumably died before Evander. Stanzel, Karl-Heinz (Tübingen) Bibliography W. Görler, T. Euandros. Hegesinus, in: GGPh2, Bd. 4.2, 834-836.

(Καρνεάδης; Karneádēs). [German version] [1] Academic philosopher from the 3rd/2nd cent. BC Academic philosopher, born 214/3 (or 219/8 BC) in Cyrene, died 129/8 in Athens. He probably came to Athens as a young man, later receiving rights of citizenship. After studying i. a. under the Stoic  Diogenes [15] of Babylon he joined the  Academy, taking over leadership from another of his masters,  Hegesinus [1], in around 164/60. He gave up the leadership in 137/6, thus long before his death, perhaps for health re…

[German version] (Ἔκδημος; Ékdēmos) or Ecdelus (Ἔκδηλος; Ékdēlos, thus Plutarch, Polybius) from Megalopolis. Academic philosopher of the 3rd cent. BC, pupil of Arcesilaus who is mainly known because of his many and diverse political activities (Plut. Aratus 5: ‘a philosopher and a man of action at the same time’, ἀνὴρ φιλόσοφος καὶ πρακτικός cf. Id., Philopoemen 1); (Pol. 10,22; cf. Paus. 8,49,1): he was a teacher of Philopoemen; together with Demophanes, he liberated his home town of Aristodemus' tyra…

[German version] (Χαρμάδας; Charmádas or Χαρμίδας; Charmídas). Lived c. 165- 91 BC (cf. Cic. De or. 2,360). Apollod. Chronica 119-130 Dorandi (= FGrH 244 F 59; subsequently Philod. Ind. Acad. 31,35-32,10) very probably relates to him: a pupil of Carneades, after founding his own school he returned to the Academy. In Sext. Emp. Pyrrhōneioi hypotypṓseis 1,220 and Euseb. Praep. evang. 14,4,16 mentioned with Philo as founder of a ‘Fourth Academy’. Probably most important as a teacher of rhetoric (cf. Cic. D…

[English version] (Χαρμάδας od. Χαρμίδας). Lebte um 165- 91 v.Chr. (vgl. Cic. de orat. 2,360). Apollod. chronica 119-130 Dorandi (= FGrH 244 F 59; danach Philod. ind. Acad. 31,35-32,10) ist sehr wahrscheinlich auf ihn zu beziehen: Schüler des Karneades, nach Gründung einer eigenen Schule Rückkehr in die Akademie. Bei S. Emp. Pyrrhōneioi hypotypṓseis 1,220 und Eus. pr. ev. 14,4,16 neben Philon als Begründer einer “Vierten Akademie” genannt. Bed. wohl vor allem als Lehrer der Rhet. (vgl. Cic. de ora…

[English version] (Ἔκδημος) oder Ekdelos (so Plutarch, Polybios) aus Megalopolis. Akademischer Philosoph des 3. Jh.v.Chr., Arkesilaos-Schüler, der in der Hauptsache durch vielfältige polit. Aktivitäten (Plut. Aratus 5: ‘ein Philosoph und zugleich ein Mann der Tat’, ἀνὴρ φιλόσοφος καὶ πρακτικός - vgl. ders., Philopoimen 1) bekannt ist (Pol. 10,22; vgl. Paus. 8,49,1): Lehrer Philopoimens; zusammen mit Demophanes befreite er seine Vaterstadt von der Tyrannis des Aristodemos und unterstützte Aratos vo…

[English version] Im Corpus Platonicum sind in einem Anhang einige bereits in der Ant. übereinstimmend als unecht angesehene (ὁμολογουμένως νοθευόμενοι) Dialoge überliefert. Diog. Laert. 3,62 nennt neben den in den Hss. auf die Hóroi folgenden verdächtigten Dialogen Sisyphos, Demodokos (der eigentlich vier Gespräche enthält), Περὶ δικαίου, Περὶ ἀρετῆς, Alkyon, Eryxias und Axiochos fünf weitere Titel. Die Herausbildung dieser Appendix hängt wesentlich mit der Verfestigung der Tetralogienordnung zusammen, doch enthalten auch die neun Tetralogien U…

[English version] Auf Papyrus erh. Fragment eines in der Erläuterung eher selektiven Komm. zum platonischen Dialog Theaitetos (i. d. Hauptsache umfaßt es die Partie 142d bis 153de). Maßgebliche Ausgabe mit ausführlicher Einleitung und Komm. jetzt [1]. Die genauere Datierung ist umstritten: Gegenüber der gängigen Annahme einer Entstehung im 2. Jh. n. Chr. wurde zuletzt auch forciert eine Datierung noch in vorchristl. Zeit vertreten; dazu [1. 256]. Der A., der selbst mehrfach auf die Kommentierung anderer Dialoge…

[English version] (Λακύδης) aus Kyrene. Akad. Philosoph des 3. Jh.v.Chr. Übernahm das Scholarchat der Akademeia von Arkesilaos [5], das er nach Diog. Laert. 4,60/61 26 Jahre lang innehatte und zu Lebzeiten an Euandros und Telekles übergab. Wie damit die Angaben bei Philod. Academicorum index 27,1-7 in Einklang zu bringen sind, ist umstritten (im einzelnen dazu [1. 831]). L. starb wohl im Jahr 207 v.Chr. ([1. 830], anders [2. 50]). Das Lakydeion, in dem er lehrte, hatte Attalos I. Soter von Pergamo…