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[German version] (Πλυνός/ Plynós, Hdt. 4,168,2 and Lycoph. 149; Ps.-Scyl. 108: Πλῦνοι/ Plŷnoi; Str. 17,3,22: Πλῦνος/ Plŷnos). Port on the coast of northern Africa between  Cyrenaica and the Nile Delta, but although in the Bay of Sollum [1. 225f.], hardly identifiable with modern Sīdī Barrānī [2. 227]. P. was apparently an ancient Greek apoikía . In the 5th century BC the Adyrmachidae lived to the east of P. and the Giligamae to the west (Hdt. 4,168f.). Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography 1 A. Laronde, Cyrène et la Libye hellénistique, 1987 2 F. Chamoux, Cyrène sous la monarchie des…

[German version] Region in central  Africa, probably north of Lake Chad. According to  Marinus of Tyre (Ptol. 1,8,5),  Iulius Maternus together with the king of the  Garamantes set off from  Garama to the south and, after four months and 14 days (Ptol. 1,11,5), reached the Ethiopian land of A., where they saw a great number of rhinoceros (cf. also Ptol. 1,7,2; 8,2; 6 f.; 9,8; 10,1; 11,4; 12,2; 4,8,5; 7,5,2). Maternus seems to have travelled as a trader between AD 83 and 92. To our knowledge, he penetrated further than any other Roman into the African interior. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliograp…

There are references to four north African places of that name: [German version] [1] A. (without addition) A. (without addition): mentioned in Acta conc. I 1112 A Hardouin and Not. episc. proc. Afr. 2a. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) [German version] [2] A. Cella A. Cella: CIL VIII 1, 893; Suppl. 1, 12344. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) [German version] [3] A. Germaniciana A. Germaniciana: Acta conc. I 164 A; 1252 A Hardouin. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) [German version] [4] A. Maius A. Maius: AE 1975, 243 no. 872; Acta conc. I 1085 B Hardouin. These four places can possibly be reduced to just two: A. Cella or Maius and A.…

[German version] (Αἰγίμουρος; Aigímouros). Island west of Cape Bon, c. 30 miles (Liv. 30,24,9) or 230 stades from  Carthage (It. Ant. 492,13; 515,1), modern Ile Zembra (Liv. 29,27,14; Str. 2,5,9; 6,2,11; 17,3,16; Ptol. 4,3,44: Αἰγίμιος / Aigímios; Steph. Byz.: Αἰγίμορος; Aigímoros). Plin. HN 5,42 had knowledge of duae Aegimoeroe (Ile Zembra and Ile Zembretta). Verg. Aen. 1,109 and Plin. HN 5,42 referred to both islands as arae [1. 250 annotation 270]. In this context, see also the remark by Serv. Aen. 1,108: saxa haec..., in quibus aiunt Poenorum sacerdotes rem divinam facere solitos.…

[German version] The name of the northern part of the province Africa proconsularis (Africa 3., with map) before Diocletianus and, later, of Diocletianus' province Africa proconsularis (Diocletianus, with map); it derives from a native name (cf. mons Ziguensis, pagus Zeugius; Plin. HN 5,23; Mart. Cap. 6,669; Isid. Orig. 14,5,8; cf. Solin. 26,2; 27,1). The border ran from Tacatua (Takouch on Tunisia's north coast) southwards to the area south of Theveste and from there north-eastwards via Ammaedara, Althiburus and Abthugni to the region near Pupput (on Tunisia's east coast). Huß, We…

[German version] (Ζυγαντίς/ Zygantís). City in Libya (Hecat. FGrH 1 F 337: πόλις Λιβύης/ pólis Libýēs). The Ζύγαντες ( Zýgantes) in Steph. Byz. s. v. Ζυγαντίς might be identical with the Γύζαντες ( Gýzantes) in Hdt. 4,194, since the same story about collecting honey is told about both. The Zygantes possibly lived on the Tunesian mainland across from the island of Cercina along with other tribes. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography J. Desanges, Catalogue des tribus africaines, 1962, 97 f. K. Ziegler, s. v. Z., RE 10 A, 859 f.

[German version] City in Africa proconsularis (Africa [3]) 3 km north of Bir Bou Rekba, modern Souk el-Abiod (It. Ant. 52,4; 56,6; 58,3: Pupput or Putput of MS P; Tab. Peut. 6,2: P.; Geogr. Rav. 88,43: Pulpud; Guido, Geographia 132,64: Pulpite). The town, presumably marked by Punic influence, was a colonia from Commodus (AD 176-192) on (CIL VIII Suppl. 4, 24092 f.: Pupput; 24095: colonia Puppit(anorum)). P. was the hometown of the jurist P. Salvius Iulianus [1] (CIL VIII Suppl. 4, 24094). An episcopus Puppitanus is recorded for AD 484 (CIL VIII Suppl. 4, 24091). Further inscri…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Coloniae (Θύσδρος/ Thýsdros, Lat. Thisdra). City in Byzacena (Africa [3]; Bell. Afr. 36,2; 76,1; 86,3; 93,1; Plin. HN 5,30; Ptol. 4,3,39; Hdn. 7,6,1), 60 km to the south of Hadrumetum, modern El Djem, with significant ancient remains (e.g. an amphitheatre). In the middle of the 1st cent. BC an insignificant market town (Bell. Afr. 97,4), in which Caesar or Augustus evidently settled veterans ( Colonia Iulia T. [1. 183]). In the 2nd cent. AD T. experienced economic growth, primarily as a result of an incre…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Christianity | Africa | | Coloniae | Africa | Commerce | Limes | Limes | Punic Wars | Rome | Rome (Cirta Regia, Punic Krtn). Numidian foundation on the other side of the Ampsaga river [1. 72 n. 141], modern Constantine. C. came under Punic influence no later than the 3rd cent. BC [2; 3]. It was first the chief city of Gaia, then of  Syphax and finally of  Massinissa and his successors (Liv. 29,32,14; 30,12,3-22; Str. 17,3,7; 13; Mela 1,30; App. Lib. 27,111f.; Oros. 4,18,21; Zon. 9,13). After the fall of  Carthage, C. appa…

[German version] City in Africa Byzacena (Byzacium), variously located (Sidi Nejah, to the southwest of Aggar: [1]; Henchir Zeiat or Zaiet, to the south of Sousse: [2]). It was conquered in the African War by Caesar's troops. Caesar left a garrison in Z. (Bell. Afr. 68; cf. 74,1). Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography 1 S. Gsell, Histoire ancienne de l'Afrique du Nord, vol. 8, 1928, 112-115 2 AATun 050, sheet 51, Nr. 9-11. M. Leglay, s. v. Z., RE 10 A, 238.

(Ἄτλας; Átlas). [German version] [1] Name of the north-west African Tertiary folded mountain range Name of the north-west African Tertiary folded mountain range. From the two Mediterranean coastal mountain ranges of the Rif A. and the Tell A. the Middle A. branches off in Morocco; the High A. rises in the south, which on the east borders the Sahara A. The Anti A., which extends south of the High A., do not belong to the Tertiary mountain range of the A.; Rif A., Middle A. and High A. enclose the Moroccan mese…

[German version] Fortified city in Numidia (Numidae; Tab. Peut. 3,5) on a hill dominating the Plain of Bahiret et-Touila to the southeast of Cirta, modern Aïn el-Bordj. Initially part of the colonia of Cirta, T. later became independent ( curator, ordo are recorded). Bishops are recorded from 305 onwards (Aug. Epist. 43; Aug. contra Cresconium 3,27,30). Inscriptions: CIL VIII 1, 4817-4819; 2, 10162f.; 10819-10826; Suppl. 2, 18764-18782; AE 1957, 175. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography AAAlg, sheet 17, No.340  F. Windberg, s.v. T. (1), RE 6 A, 957.

[German version] City in Africa Proconsularis at the foot of Djebel Zaghouan. Some 30 neo-Punic stelai attest to the cult of Saturnus/Baal Hamon (Baal). One of these stelai bears a neo-Punic inscription (Répertoire d'épigraphie sémitique II, 598). Neo-Punic graves also indicate the Punic past of the city. In the Roman period a well installation supplied the great Aqueduct of Carthage (cf. CIL VIII 1, 895-905; 2, 10523 f.; Suppl. 1, 12424-12431; AE 1984, 739?). Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography AATun 050, sheet 35, Nr. 104 M. Leglay, Saturne africain: monuments, vol. 1, 1961, …

(Τρίτων/ Trítōn, Latin Triton). [German version] [1] Sea deity Sea deity with the upper body of a human and the tail of a fish, sometimes also as an ichthyocentaur with the forelegs of a horse (Tzetz. Lycophr. 34; 886), son of Poseidon and Amphitrite (Hes. Theog. 930-933), who stirs up the waters with his conch shell and calms them again (Verg. Aen. 10,209-212; Ov. Met. 1,330-342). Like the related sea gods  Glaucus [1], Halios geron, Nereus, Phorcys [1] and Proteus, T. in particular is a figure of liter…

[German version] Numidian town (Numidae). Storage place of Iugurtha's treasures, which the legatus A. Postumius (cf. Postumius [I 9]), acting as pro-praetor, wanted to seize (Sall. Iug. 37,3; 38,2). S. lay on top of a steep "mountain" and was "surrounded by a muddy plain" (Sall. Iug. 37,4). According to Oros. Hist. 5,15,6, "the royal treasures lay near the town of Calama". However, since S. cannot be identified with Calama, its location remains unknown. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography E. Honigmann, s.v. S., RE 4 A, 989.

[German version] Settlement in Numidia between Lambaesis and Thamugadi, modern Henchir Touchine (CIL VIII 1, 2438 = Suppl. 2, 17941 [ saltus? La] m[ b] afundensium; Tab. Peut. 3,3: Lambafudi; Geogr. Rav. 39,40: Lambafudin). The following designations of origin may be attributable to the episcopal see of L.: Lampuensis ( plebs) (Concilium Carthaginiense anno 411, 1,133,292), Iamfuensis (Not. episcoporum Numidiae 87a), Lamfuensis (Concilium Carthaginiense anno 525; [2. 647]). In Procop. Aed. 6,7,10, a Numidian town newly fortified by Iustinianus is named as Λαμφουαομβά/ Lamphoua…

[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Coloniae | Commerce | Punic Wars | Punic Wars (Καρτέννα[ι], Κάρτιν[ν]α; Karténna[i], Kártin[n]a). Probably a Punic town in the later Mauretania Caesariensis, modern Ténès (sources: Mela 1,31; Plin. HN 5,20; Ptol. 4,2,4; It. Ant. 14,2; Aug. Epist. 93,20-22; Iulius Honorius, Cosmographia 47; Geogr. Rav. 40,46; 88,9). In around 30 BC, C. admitted a colonia of veterans. C. was important as a harbour town, not least as a landing place for the vexillationes, deployed in the battles against the Mauri. Inscriptions: CIL V…

[German version] (Ἀουΐττα; Aouítta). City in Africa proconsularis, on the connecting road running from west to east between Agbia and Pupput; today Henchir Bou Ftis. (Plin. HN 5,30 oppidum Avittense; Ptol. 4,3,31; Tab. Peut. 5,4). The Punic influence is demonstrated by the constitution of the city which had sufetes (CIL VIII 1, 797). A. was a municipium (CIL VIII 1, 799; 800; 1177) from the time of Hadrian (AD 117-138). Inscriptions: CIL VIII 1, 796-813; 1177; Suppl. 1, 12265-12284; Suppl. 4, 23875; Inscr. latines de la Tunisie 670-675; AE 1989, 290 no. 893.  Sufetes Huß, Werner (Bamberg) B…

[German version] Town in Mauretania Caesariensis between Sitifis and Cuicul, modern Beni Fouda or Sillègue. Saturnus (27 steles of the 2nd and 3rd cents. AD) was the focus of its cultic life. The genius of N. (CIL VIII Suppl. 3, 20429; 20430), Ceres [1. 403] and Mercury (CIL VIII Suppl. 3, 20431) were also worshipped. Other inscriptions: CIL VIII Suppl. 3, 20431-20483. Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography 1 A. Poulle, in: Recueil des notices et mémoires de la Société archéologique de Constantine 19, 1878, 402ff. AAA, sheet 16, no. 216  E. Lipiński, s.v. N., DCPP, 315-317.

[German version] (Ζάβη/ Zábē). Moorish region ( chṓra), Mauritanía hē prṓtē ('First Mauretania') as a Byzantine province, beyond the Aurès mountains, probably the area of Chott el-Hodna (in Algeria): Procop. Vand. 2,20,30. Sitifis was the mētrópolis [2] of this region. Not identical with the city of Zabi (It. Ant. 30,3). Huß, Werner (Bamberg) Bibliography C. Courtois, Les Vandales et l'Afrique, 1955 H. Treidler, s. v. Z., RE 9 A, 2203 f.