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[German version] (Tabellions). Private professional document scribes, who were responsible for setting down Latin legal documents in writing, beginning in the Roman Imperial era (Notary; [1; 2]). Ulpian (Dig. 48,19,9,4) first mentions the tabelliones around the turn of the 3rd cent. AD as an established institution along with those who studied law ( iuris studiosi) and lawyers ( advocati). They were listed as their own trade on the Edictum [3] Diocletiani of 301 (CIL III p. 831, 7,41). The formulation of documents by literate and legally trained third parties reaches ba…

[German version] Privately-composed Latin documents, as opposed to official documents ( tabulae publicae ). TP dealt with private legal actions, esp. contracts under the law of obligations including receipts, wills and marriage certificates, also procedural contracts such as the vadimonium . These documents were often twofold, containing the drawn-up text written out twice. The inner text ( scriptura interior) was tied up and sealed (Seals) and was thus protected from subsequent forgery, while the outer text ( scriptura exterior) offered access to the document content at …

I. General [German version] A. Term In legal terms, a document is a written declaration regarding a legal transaction. In modern opinion it is a declaration of intent in a suitable written form that is intended to provide proof in legal transactions and that permits recognition of the issuing party (e.g., [2; 8]). In general, documents include all non-literary and partially literary texts (exceptions are, e.g., poetry and amulets), i.e., apart from business documents, trial and administrative document…