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Panas
(73 words)
[English version] (auch
Pen-Nout). Sohn des Psenobastis (PP I 344), Vater des Ptolemaios (PP I 322);
syngenḗs und
stratēgós (s. Hoftitel B. 2.) des äg. Gaus Tentyritis unter Kleopatra [II 12] VII., Priester verschied…
Source:
Der Neue Pauly
Thibron
(355 words)
(Θίβρων/
Thíbrōn). [German version] [1] Spartan commander, around 400 BC Spartan, who inaugurated Sparta’s war against the Persians in the autumn of 400 BC, but only had command of a small force (Isoc. Or. 4,144), He had some successes only after he had taken on Cyrus’ [3] former mercenaries (about 5000-6000 men) (Xen. An. 7,6,1; 7,8,24; Xen. Hell. 3,1,4-6; Diod. Sic. 14,36,1-37,4). He then went to Caria on the instructions of the
éphoroi (Xen. Hell. 3,1,6-7), but was replaced in Ephesus by Dercylidas and punished in Sparta by being exiled be…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Praktor
(313 words)
(πράκτωρ/
práktōr, πρακτήρ/
praktḗr: Poll. 8,114, 'executor', 'manager', from
prátte…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Lenaeus
(332 words)
[German version] [2] L. Pompeius Satyrist and freedman of Pompey Magnus Suet. Gram. 15 reports, aside from several romantic and improbable occurrences from the life of the young L., that he was a freedman of Pompeius Magnus, accompanied him on almost all his campaigns and after his death and the death of his sons (the last one died in 35 BC) earned his living as a school teacher in Rome. He remained so faithful to Pompey that he reacted to criticism of him in Sallustius'
Historiae with an
acerbissima satura, an extremely stinging satire, calling Sallust a monster both in his life an…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Xenoi
(675 words)
(ξένοι/
xénoi). 'Alien', i.e. free-born person not belonging to the Greek citizenship structure, who voluntarily stayed in a place and enjoyed certain rights there. Non-free aliens (slaves, prisoners of war) were not members of the group of
xenoi, which was primarily defined in terms of rights. [German version] I. Classical Greece The term
xenoi generally describes large groups of free-born people, staying permanently or temporarily in a particular community, without being citizens of it (Thuc. 2,31,1; 2,36,4; 6,30,2; Aristot. Pol. 1300b 31 f.), often used in contrast to ἀστοί/
ast…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Klerouchoi
(1,718 words)
(κληροῦχοι;
klēroûchoi, proprietors of a
klêros , of a ‘land allotment’). I. Athens [German version] A. 5th cent. BC Apart from its metaphorical meaning in Sophocles (Soph. Aj. 508: ‘having a certain fate’) fir…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Harmachis
(225 words)
(Egyptian
Ḥrw-m-ḫ.t, ‘Horus in the horizon’). [German version] [1] Name of the great Sphinx Name under which the great Sphinx of Gizeh was venerated as the embodiment of the sun god since the beginning of the New Kingdom (
c. 1500 BC). Many votive steles document the popularity of the cult amongst private people as well as kings. Seidlmayer, Stephan Johannes (Berlin) Bibliography J. Assmann, s.v. H., LÄ2, 992-996. [German version] [2] Priest of Ptah of Memphis, about 200 BC Son of Anemhor, father of Nesysti III; high priest of Ptah of Memphis (
c. 260 ─ after 194-193 BC); sometimes i…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Eirene
(570 words)
(Εἰρήνη;
Eirḗnē). The word is perhaps pre-Greek [1; 2]. [German version] [1] Personification and deification of peace Personification and deification of peace (Orph. H. 15,11). E. is one of the Horae, daughter of Zeus and Themis, sister of Dike and Eunomia (Hes. Theog. 901-902; Pind. Ol. 13,6-8). She is often mentioned in Greek literature as a central figure for the prospering of the political community. Thus, E.'s gifts are praised, for instance, in Bacchyl. fr. 4,61 Snell-Maehler and in Euripides (Bacch. 419-420; TGF 453) while usually being connected, as ‘a giver of wealth’, to
ploút…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Leontiscus
(136 words)
(Λεοντίσκος;
Leontískos). [German version] [1] Olympic winner from Messana of Messana (Sicily). Two times Olympic winner in wrestling (456, 452 BC) [1]. He won hi…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Antigone
(839 words)
(Ἀντιγόνη;
Antigónē). [German version] [1] Daughter of Thessalian Phere Daughter of Thessalian Phere and mother of the Argonaut Asterion (Hyg. Fab. 14,1). Harder, Ruth Elisabeth (Zürich) [German version] [2] Daughter of king Eurytion of Phthia Daughter of king Eurytion of Phthia, wife of Peleus, by whom she has a daughter Polydora (Pherec. FGrH 3 F 61a). Peleus accidentally kills Eurytion and therefore flees to Acastus at Iolcus, who exculpates him. Acastus' wife Astydameia tries in vain to win him for herself and then in revenge sends …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Andromachus
(676 words)
(Ἀνδρόμαχος;
Andrómachos). [German version] [1] Possessor of a dorea (middle of the 3rd cent. BC) Documented between 253 and 249 BC in Egypt as possessor of a δωρεά (
dōreá) of 10,000
arourai. ‘Father’ of Ptolemaeus Andromachou (?) [1]. Ameling, Walter (Jena) [German version] [2] Strategos of Syria and Phoenicia (end of 3rd cent. BC) Aspendian, commanded the phalanx in 217 BC at Raphia, later
strategos of Syria and Phoenicia. PP 2, 2150. Ameling, Walter (Jena) [German version] [3] Ptolemaean official (1st half of 2nd cent. BC) Son of Eirene, grandson of Ptolemaeus Agesarchou;
c. 197/8…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Myrmidon
(122 words)
(Μυρμιδών/
Myrmidṓn, ‘ant’). [German version] [1] Progenitor of the Myrmidones Eponymous progenitor of the Homeric people of the Myrmidones (Hellanikos FHG 1 F 17); son of Eurymedusa, fathered by Zeus in the guise of an ant (Eratosth. In Serv. Aen. 2,7; Clem. Al. Protreptikos 34). With his wife Pisidice, daughter of Aeolus, M. fathered Antiphus and Actor (Apollod. 1,52) as well as the gluttonous Erysichthon (Hellanikos l.c.). Frey, Alexandra (Basle) [German version] [2] Military official under Ptolemy I, 315 BC Athenian, sent in 315 BC by Ptolemy I along with 10,000 soldier…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Philammon
(224 words)
(Φιλάμμων;
Philámmōn). [German version] [1] Singer and lyrist…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Ganymede
(531 words)
(Γανυμήδης;
Ganymḗdēs, Etruscan
Catmite, Latin apart from G. also
Catamitus). [German version] [1] Cupbearer to Zeus In Greek mythology (main source: Hom. Il 20,231-235) the son of the Dardanian king Tros (Iliad parva 29,4 PEG I: son of Laomedon), who as the most beautiful human was abducted to the Olympus to serve Zeus as cupbearer in eternal youth and to delight the gods with his beauty. He is either abducted in a windstorm (H. Hom. 5,202), by Iris (in art, possibly already in Ibycus PMG Fr. 289), by Hermes…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Agathoclea
(178 words)
(Ἀγαθόκλεια;
Agathókleia). [German version] [1] Mistress of Ptolemy II Mistress of Ptolemy II; her historicity is uncertain. PP 6, 14713; [1]. Ameling, Walter (Jena) [German version] [2] Mistress of Ptolemy IV Daughter of Agathocles [5] and Oenanthe, sister of Agathocles [6]. Mentioned 215 BC in possession of several Nile boats, 213/12
…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Arabarches
(420 words)
(Ἀραβάρχης;
Arabárchēs) [German version] [1] Office in roman Egypt Office in Roman Egypt, attested as from 2nd cent. AD (OGIS 202), but it may have had Ptolemaic models. A college of
arabarchai was responsible for levying the import tax in Coptus in the mid 2nd cent. (SB 18,13167, vers. 2,11 ff.). The distribution of tasks is unclear with the παραλήμπτης τῆς Ἐρύθρας θαλάσσης (
paralḗmptēs tês Erýthras thalássēs), however, OGIS 202 indicates the offices were operating in parallel. The
arabarches was also responsible for collecting the road taxes on the road from Coptus to …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly