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Plebeian gentilicium ([1]; ThlL 2,1338f.). Bearers of this name are known since the 2nd cent. BC in Rome and occupy important positions, especially in the imperial era. I. Republican era [German version] [I 1] Au. Took part in the murder of Q.  Sertorius in 73 BC Took part in the murder of Q.  Sertorius in 73 BC (Plut. Sert. 26f.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] Au., Cn. Tribunus plebis 170 BC Tribune of the people in 170 BC (MRR 1,420). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 3] Au., Cn. Praetor before 100 BC praetor before 100 BC (Syll.3 715; MRR 3,29). Elvers, Kar…

Name of a Plebeian family from Tusculum. In the belief that the family had been pig-breeders, in antiquity their name was derived from porcus  (Varro Rust. 2,1,10 etc.). From the middle of the 3rd century BC, the Catones and Licinii branches belonged to Rome's leading class and at the beginning of the 2nd century, they attained the consulship with  Cato [1] (Censorius) and P. [I 13]. The exact blood relationship between the most prominent bearer of the name, Cato [1], and his great-grandson, P. [I 7] Cato (Uticensis), is not completely clarified. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republic…

[II] Widespread Roman praenomen (probably connected with the Latin family name Gavius, but not related to gaudere), abbreviated as C., more rarely G.; in late Greek inscriptions also Γα ( Ga). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Physician of the school of Herophilus Physician of the school of Herophilus, probably 1st cent. BC or AD, wrote about hydrophobia (Caelius Aurelianus morb. ac. 3,113-4). He explained that this disease affected the brain as well as the meninges, because the nerves surrounding the stomach and responsi…

I. Law [German version] A. Concept Interpretatio is interpretation, not only of texts but also of oral declarations and other matters of legal import. The topos of simple truth requiring no mediator (Petron. Sat. 107,15) does not apply to the specialist knowledge of astrologers (cf.  Divination), philologists (on both: Cic. Div. 1,34; 2,92) and jurists (Cic. Leg. 2,59). At the end of the Republic, the words interpres (‘interpreter’) and interpretari (‘to interpret’) become conflated into the abstract interpretatio [3. 80ff., 91ff.]; this is already true of legal interpre…

Name of an old patrician family, probably connected with the name of the god  Jupiter [1. 281; 2. 729]. The gens was one of the so-called ‘Trojan families’, who were said to have moved from Alba Longa to Rome under king Tullus Hostilius [I 4] (see below). The Iulii were prominent in the 5th and 4th cents. BC. Their connection to the family branch of the Caesares, which rose to prominence from the 3rd cent. and whose outstanding member was the dictator  Caesar (with family tree), is unclear. Caesar's adoptive son,…

Name of a Roman gens, prominent from the 1st cent. BC; also attested in Delos. [German version] [1] P., Q. Consul suffectus 43 BC, son of Caesar's sister Julia C. 90-43 BC, son (not grandson as in Suet. Iul. 83,2) of Caesar's sister Iulia [1. 687] and a legate of Caesar in Gaul  58-55 (Caes. Gall. 2,2,1; 2,11,3). As praetor in 48, P. suppressed a revolt by T. Annius [I 14] Milo (Caes. Civ. 3,22). In 46/5, as a legate of Caesar, P. began the Spanish campaign with Q. Fabius [I 22] Maximus (Bell. Hisp. 2,2; Cass. Dio 43,31,1) and triumphed on 13 December 45 illegally ex Hispania (InscrIt 13,1,567; Ca…

Name of a Roman lineage (Sabine Clausus, with the vernacular variant of   Clodius , esp. in the 1st cent. BC). The Claudii supposedly immigrated to Rome from the Sabine city of Regillum at the beginning of the republic in 504 BC under their ancestor Att(i)us Clausus ( Appius) and were immediately accepted into the circle of patrician families (Liv. 2,16,4-6), which explains why the early members received the invented epithets of Inregillensis C. [I 5-6] and Sabinus C. [I 31-32], [1. 155f.]. The praenomen Appius came to signify the family. Named after them was the Tribus Claudi…

Name of a Roman plebeian house (originally Ailius), verifiable from the 4th cent. BC until the late imperial era. The most important families are the Paeti (since the 4th cent. BC), Tuberones (since the 2nd cent. BC), and from the 1st cent. also the Galli and Lamiae. In the imperial era, especially since Hadrian, the most famous bearer of the name, the name Aelius is so widespread that it -- just like Flavius and Aurelius -- loses its character as nomen gentile. I. Republic [German version] [I 1] Ae. Unknown author of a lex Aelia, mid 2nd cent. BC unknown author of a lex Aelia (mostly mentioned t…

[German version] This jurist, probably born in the mid second century AD in the eastern half of the province of Africa (cf. [7. 118]), seems to have been a student of Cervidius Scaevola (SHA Carac. 8,2). During the reign of Septimius Severus, with whom he was close friends, he became assessor to the Praetorian prefects (Dig. 22,1,3,3), from AD 194 to 202 he first became member and later head of the government department a libellis (Dig. 20,5,12 pr.; see [7. 118, 121]), thereafter from 205 to 211 he was Praetorian prefect (ILS 2187); his assessors were Iulius [IV 16] …

[German version] [1] Caelius Sabinus, Cn. Suffect consul in AD 69. Very influential jurist at the time of Vespasian (Dig. 1,2,2,53); successor to  Cassius Longinus as head of the Sabinian law school, he wrote a commentary Ad edictum aedilium curulium. Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography R. A. Bauman, Lawyers and Politics in the Early Roman Empire, 1989, 142ff. 2 PIR I2 1194. [German version] [2] Iunius A. Rusticus, Q. Cos. suff. 92 AD In AD 66 as tribunus plebis he wanted to intercede in the Senate on behalf of Thrasea (Tac. Ann. 16,26,4f.); 70 praetor, 92 suffect consul (AE 1…

Name of a plebeian gens (probably derived from Caeculus, older form is Caicilios, Greek Καικίλιος, Κεκίλιος [ Kaikílios, Kekílios]; ThlL, Onom. 12-14), whose existence is documented since the 5th cent. (since C. [I 1]), but who only gained importance in the 2nd cent.; their most famous branch were the C. Metelli (I 10-32). A later explanation related the name back to Caeculus, the legendary founder of Praeneste, or Caecas, a companion of Aeneas (Fest. p. 38). I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C., Q. Supposedly people's tribune in 439 BC Supposedly people's tribune in 439 BC …

Roman praenomen ( P. Iulius, a contemporary of Romulus [1]), and secondarily a cognomen. Depending on the form, a diminutive (older * prokelo-) of the stem * proko- (~ classical procus 'wooer, suitor'), it originally perhaps meant 'the one who demands or claims (the inheritance?)'. Proca (King of Alba Longa) can also be regarded as etymologically connected. The praenomen, which had already become rare at an early time, survived in derivatives, the gentilician names Procilius and Proculeius. Steinbauer, Dieter (Regensburg) [German version] [1] Roman jurist, 1st cent. The jurist fro…

(Κρατῖνος; Kratînos). [German version] [1] Poet of the Attic Old Comedy, 5th cent. BC Son of Callimedes, important poet of the Attic Old  Comedy. Nesselrath, Heinz-Günther (Göttingen) [German version] A. Biographical information The first appearance of C. is documented for the late 450s BC [1. test. 4ab; cf. test. 5]; his death probably occurred between 423 ( Terminus post quem: his last piece, the Pytínē/‘The Bottle’; cf. [1. test. 3]) and 421 (in Aristoph. Pax 700-703, he is allegedly dead [1. test. 10]); he allegedly lived to be 94 years old [1. test. 3].…

Name of a widely-branched Roman plebeian family who became well known from the beginning of the 2nd cent. BC on, but only achieved the consulate for the first time at the end of the cent. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] R. Lupus, P. Consul in 90 BC Praetor no later than 93 BC; consul in 90. During the Social War [3], he received the command of the northern army; against the advice of his legate C. Marius [I 1], he was lured into an ambush by the Marsi and was killed in the valley of the Tolnus (modern Turano; Liv. Per. 73; App. B Civ. 1,191-194; Oros. 5,18,11 f.). MRR 2,25. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig…

[German version] (C. Aulus Cascellius). Jurist, pupil of Volcatius, who in turn was taught by Q.  Mucius Pontifex (Dig. 1,2,2,45; Plin. HN 8,144); evident in documents of 73 BC as a senator, he held no further office after his quaestorship, but dedicated himself to practical jurisprudence [2]. The iudicium Cascellianum (Gai. Inst. 4,166a), which he had drafted, allowed the winner of a sponsio trial to claim for material restitution within the framework of prohibitory interdicts on property (a form of interim order for the protection of property) [1] (  restitutio )…

[German version] I Greek (Θεόδωρος; Theódōros). [German version] [I 1] Of Samos, Greek architect, bronze sculptor and inventor, Archaic period Multitalented Greek inventor, architect, bronze sculptor and metal worker ( toreutḗs; Toreutics) of the Archaic period from Samos (for the occupational image cf. architect). His father was Telecles (Hdt. 3,41; Paus. 8,14,8; 10,38,6) or according to other sources (Diog. Laert. 2,103; Diod. Sic. 1,98) Rhoecus [3]; his name is so frequently mentioned in conjunction with the latter that …

(Κύριλλος; Kýrillos) [German version] [1] C. of Jerusalem Bishop Born c. AD 313, he was a member of the Jerusalem clergy (Jer. Chron. 2365 [GCS Eus. 7,236,7f. Helm/Treu]), and from 348 to 386 served as bishop of Jerusalem; he came to this office rather as a follower of the Homoeans (cf. Jer. loc. cit., Socr. 2,38,2 and Sozom. Hist. eccl. 4,20,1) than as a Nicaean (cf. Theod. Hist. eccl. 2,26,6). In 358 he was relieved of his office by  Acacius [2] of Caesarea and banished to Tarsus, rehabilitated in 359 a…

[German version] Professor of law ( antecessor) under Iustinianus [1] I, presumably in Berytus, one of the eight addresses of the Const. Omnem (ordinances for study brought into force with the conclusion of the Digesta in AD 533), who wrote a Greek paraphrase of the Codex (II.) Iustinianus. The work, preserved in the Basilika and their scholia (Byzantium I. B.3.), contains useful information on T.' teachings on the Codex. Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography D. Simon, Aus dem Kodexunterricht des T., in: ZRG 86, 1969, 334-383; RIDA 16, 1969, 283-308; ZRG 87, 1…

[German version] Roman jurist of the early Principate (1st cent. AD), reviewed in at least ten books (Coll. 12,7,9) the opinions of the founders of law schools, on the one hand Sabinus [II 5] and Cassius [II 14], on the other  Proculus [1]. Other than five citations in Ulpian and in Iulius [IV 16] Paulus, the work is known only from the commentary Ad Urseium Ferocem by Iulianus [1]. Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography O. Lenel, Palingenesia Iuris Civilis, vol. 2, 1889, 1201-1224  Kunkel, 145 f.  D. Liebs, Rechtsschulen und Rechtsunterricht im Prinzipat, in: ANRW II …

Probably originally a Roman family name, recorded as a cognomen ('left-handed'), in the Republican period in the Mucii family (Mucius [I 2; 4-10; II 2]); for the legend of origin see Mucius [I 2]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] Q. Cervidius S. Roman lawyer, 2nd cent. Roman lawyer, who under Marcus [2] Aurelius (AD 161-180) was a member of his consilium (SHA Aur. 11,10) and from AD 175 was praef. vigilum (CIL XIV 4502); he also remained active under Commodus and Septimius Severus (until c. AD 200) [5. 113 f.]. As a respondent with a practical bent he wrote Digesta …

Name of an ancient Roman patrician lineage (on inscriptions also Fourios), derived from the praenomen Fusus and also occurring occasionally in the original form Fusius in the literary tradition; the family perhaps came from Tusculum (cf. the family grave of the Furii ILLRP 895-903). The numerous members of the gens from the early Republic in the 5th/4th cents. BC are scarcely tangible as historical persons, and their history is in part later annalistic invention. Most well known is the ‘Saviour of Rome’ after the catas…

[German version] Nomen gentile Name of a very old patrician line (more often written Aimilius), after which the tribus Aemilia, one of the oldest rustic tribes, is also named. Republican pseudo-genealogy traced the gens back to Mamercus, said to be the son of Pythagoras or of Numa, or to Trojan ancestors: Aemilia, a daughter of Aeneas; Aimylos, a son of Ascanius; or to King Amulius himself (Plut. Aemilius 2; Numa 8; Romulus 2; Fest. 22 L; Sil. Pun. 8,294-296) [1]. The Aemilii belonged to one of the most respected lines in the R…

Roman plebeian gentes name, derived from fulvus (‘reddish yellow, brownish yellow’ [1. 1,561], probably named after hair colour); further evidence: [2. 170], inscriptions also Folvius (ILLRP 124 et passim). The Roman gens probably came from Tusculum (Cic. Planc. 20; cf. Cic. Phil. 3,16; Plin. HN 7,136), where F. [I 15] also had put up works of art from the spoils of war. The most important branches are initially the Centumali, Curvi and Paetini, since the 3rd cent. BC the Flacci and Nobiliores. Genealogical tree: [3. 231f.]. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] F. Bambalio…

[German version] [1] Gaulish correspondent of Symmachus Came from a Gaulish family; correspondent of Symmachus (Epist. 4,50-57), probably a pagan. In AD 379 he probably held the notary's office. It is doubtful whether he is identical with the homonymous comes sacrarum largitionum [1. 100-103]; in 395 quaestor sacri cubiculi; from 395 to 397, thus for an unusually long time, attested as praefectus urbi Romae, proved successful during a famine. Claudian [2] dedicated the second book of De raptu Proserpinae to him (praef. 50). Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover) Bibliography 1 Delmaire. PLRE…

[German version] I. Principal considerations Schools of law, in the two senses of the training of future legal practitioners and the adherence to particular legal trains of thought can only exist in cultures that have given rise to a legal profession. In antiquity, this is true only of the Roman world. Only for Rome, therefore, as in the post-antique period for the Byzantine empire and the culture of Islam, can the phenomenon of law schools (LS) be discussed sensibly. Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) [German version] II. Roman Republic and Principate A properly institutionalized syste…

[German version] The Roman jurist Claudius T. ( c. 200 AD), presumably of oriental origin [3], pupil of Cervidius Scaevola [1] (Dig. 49,17,19 pr.) and consiliarius of Septimius [II 7] Severus (Dig. 49,14,50). He wrote discussions of controversial legal cases ( Disputationes, 21 B.) and Notae ('notes') on the Digesta and Responsa of his teacher [1; 2]. Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography 1 H. T. Klami, Entscheidung und Begründung in den Kommentaren Tryphonins zu Scaevolas Responsen, 1975 2 M. Sixto, Las anotaciones de Trifonino, vol. 1, 1989; vol. 2, 1991 3 D. Liebs, J…

[German version] Roman jurist, suffect consul in 138 AD (CIL XVI 84) and consiliarius of Antoninus [1] Pius (SHA Pius 12,1), represented in Iustinianus's [1] Digesta (6th century AD) with only five indirect citations. Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography O. Lenel, Palingenesia Iuris Civilis, vol. 2, 1889, 1223 f.  R. A. Bauman, Lawyers and Politics in the Early Roman Empire, 1989, 248 f.  D. Liebs, Jurisprudenz, in: HLL 4, 1997, 106.

(Δωρόθεος; Dōrótheos). [German version] [1] Bronze sculptor from Argos, 5th cent. BC Sculptor of bronze from Argos. Known by two signatures from the middle of the 5th cent. BC on bases in Delphi and in Hermione (Crete), with traces of an inlet for a horse or rider statue. Neudecker, Richard (Rome) Bibliography J. Marcadé, Recueil des signatures des sculptures grecques, 1, 1953, no. 30-31 P. Orlandini, I donari firmati da Kresilas e Dorotheos a Hermione, in: ArchCl 3, 1951, 94-98. [German version] [2] Painter, from the mid 1st cent. AD Painter from the middle of the 1st cent. AD. Co…

[German version] A Roman lawyer, active probably at the end of the 1st cent. AD, who wrote a single work [1], often cited by Ulpianus and  Iulius [IV 16] Paulus, either a commentary on edicts [2] or Digesta [3. 34 ff.]. Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography 1 O. Lenel, Palingenesia Iuris Civilis, vol. 2, 1889, 1225 ff. 2 Schulz, 235; 270 3 C. Russo Ruggeri, Viviano giurista minore?, 1997.

Roman surname, derived from the name of the goddess Iuno [1. 470; 2. 731]. The gens was plebeian; the idea that this family originated from the patrician founder of the Republic L. I. [I 4] Brutus (Cic. Att. 13,40,1), which was particularly propagated by the murderers of Caesar, M. and D. I. Brutus [I 10 and 12], was already a matter of controversy in ancient times (Plut. Brutus 1,6-8). T.  Pomponius Atticus (Nep. Att. 18,3) composed a family history at the request of M. Brutus. This gens became politically im…

[German version] [1] Roman jurist, c. 200 Roman jurist of the Severan Period (around AD 200), wrote Quaestiones ('Legal questions', 8 bks.) and the only monograph De castrensi peculio ('On the property of those in military service', 1 bk.) in the legal literature. Justinian's Digesta preserves only five fragments from the two works [1]. The identification, suggested by Euseb. Hist. eccl. 2,2,4, of this iuris antiqui interpres ('interpreter of the old law', Cod. Iust. 5,70,7,1a) with the legally proficient Church Father T. [2] is not inconceivable [2; 3]. Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Ma…

[No German version] [II 1] Provincial jurist, beginning of the 3rd cent. AD A provincial jurist of the Greek-speaking area [3], who under Septimius Severus and Caracalla (early 3rd cent. AD) wrote tractates on extraordinary procedural law -- the first in classical jurisprudence ( De cognitionibus: 6 vols.; see [2]) -- and fiscal law ( De iure fisci et populi: 4 vols.), furthermore a commentary on edicts ( Edicti monitorium: 6 vols.; see [1]) as well as Institutiones (3 vols.) and Quaestiones (2 vols.). PIR2 C 231. Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography 1 Schulz, 238f. 2 R. Bonini, …

[German version] [1] 1st-cent. Roman jurist First-cent. AD Roman jurist, probably a pupil of Sabinus (Dig. 12,1,22), whose tradition he continues in a collection of responses [1] or a commentary [2]. Apart from a citation in Sex. Pomponius (Dig. 19,1,6,4), this work is known only through an extract annotated by Salvius Iulianus [1] ( Ex Minicio). Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography 1 E. Bund, Salvius Iulianus, in: ANRW II 15, 1976, 435f. 2 D. Liebs, in: HLL 4, 103. [German version] [2] M. Acilianus Praetor, AD 97 From Brixia, son of M. [7]. Of equestrian origin, admission…

Name of a family which probably came from Campania. The military successes of L. [I 1] in the Second Punic War (218-201 BC) and the connection to the elder Scipio probably gained them Roman citizenship and the ascent into the nobility. A younger line ( praenomen D.) became consuls under Augustus (L. [II 1-3]. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] L., C. Consul 190 BC, elder contemporary of Scipio Africanus Born around 235 BC, died around 160; L. owed his political ascent to the close (and what has become a proverbial) connection to P. …

[German version] I. Greek Epigrammatic poet Epigrammatic poet; although it is not possible to be certain, because the name is fairly common, A. is usually equated with the Macedonian C. Antistius Vetus, who in AD 11 was sent into exile because of treason (Tac. Ann. 3,38), or with the praetor A. Sosianus, who suffered the same destiny in AD 62 (Reason: factitatis in Neronem carminibus probrosiis... Tac. Ann. 14,48; 16,14; 21; cf. Hist. 4,44). His four epigrams, which derive from the ‘Garland’ of Philippus are balanced, elegant variations of traditional motives…

Plebeischer Gentilname ([1]; ThlL 2,1338f.). Seit dem 2.Jh. v.Chr. sind Namensträger in Rom bekannt und begegnen bes. in der Kaiserzeit in bedeutenden Stellungen. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] Au. 73 v. Chr. an der Ermordung des Q. Sertorius beteiligt beteiligte sich 73 v.Chr. an der Ermordung des Q. Sertorius (Plut. Sert. 26f.). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 2] Au., Cn. Volkstribun 170 v. Chr. Volkstribun 170 v.Chr. (MRR 1,420). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [I 3] Au., Cn. Praetor vor 100 v. Chr. praetor vor 100 v.Chr. (Syll.3 7…

Beinamen bei vielen Gentilicia [1]. Bekannte Personen: der Jurist Salvius I. [1], der Arzt I. [2], der Kaiser I. [11], gen. “Apostata”, die Bischöfe I. [16] von Aeclanum und I. [21] von Toledo. [English version] [1] L. Octavius Cornelius P. Salvius I. Aemilianus röm. Jurist, 2. Jh. Jurist, geb. um 100 n.Chr. in Nordafrika, gest. um 170 n.Chr., war ein Schüler des Iavolenus [2] Priscus (Dig. 40,2,5) und der letzte Vorsteher der sabinianischen Rechtsschule (Dig. 1,2,2,53). I., dessen Ämterfolge die Inschr. aus Pupput/Prov. Africa (CIL VIII 24…

Römischer Gentilname, in älterer Form Papisius (Cic. fam. 9,21,3), nach dem eine der 16 alten Landtribus ( tribus ) benannt war. Die patrizische gens bildete schon früh mehrere Zweige (5./4. Jh.v.Chr.: Crassi, Cursores, Mugillani, 3. Jh.: Masones), die maßgeblich an den mil. Erfolgen der Republik beteiligt waren, jedoch spätestens im 2. Jh.v.Chr. ausstarben bzw. polit. unbedeutend wurden. Der jüngere plebeiische Zweig der Carbones stieg in der 2. H. des 2. Jh. auf und erlangte notorische Bekanntheit durch die gracchen…

Ital. Eigenname [1. 347, 426], im öffentlichen Leben Roms seit dem 1.Jh. v.Chr. nachweisbar, nicht sehr häufig. [English version] [1] A. Legat des M. Antonius 41/40 v. Chr. in Gallien Legat (?) des M. Antonius 41/40 v.Chr. in Gallien (MRR 3,26). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [English version] [2] A., M. Centurio, Teilnehmer bei der Erstürmung Athens 86 v. Chr. centurio, zeichnete sich bei der Erstürmung Athens 86 v.Chr. aus (Plut. Sull. 14,3). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Schulze. [English version] [3] A. Capito, C. Volkstribun 55 v. Chr. kämpfte als Volkstribun v…

[English version] (epigraph. auch Ofellius). Der röm. Jurist, ein Freund und polit. Agent Caesars, gehörte dem Ritterstand an, ohne jemals ein Amt zu bekleiden. Neben Alfenus [3] Varus war er der bedeutendste Schüler von Servius Sulpicius Rufus (Dig. 1,2,2,44), in dessen Nachfolge er einen ausführlicheren, doch bald durch den Edikts-Komm. des Antistius [II 3] Labeo vom Markt verdrängten Komm. Ad edictum schrieb. Auch seine Actiones (‘Klagen, 16 B.), Ius partitum (‘Das Recht in seinen Teilen, 5 B.) und De legibus ad Atticum (‘Über die Gesetze, zu Atticus, 20 B.) sind schlecht…

[English version] [1] Caelius Sabinus, Cn. cos. suff. 69, einflußreicher Jurist Suffektkonsul 69 n.Chr. Einflußreichster Jurist zur Zeit Vespasians (Dig. 1,2,2,53), Nachfolger des Cassius Longinus als Haupt der sabinianischen Rechtsschule, schrieb einen Komm. Ad edictum aedilium curulium. Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography R.A. Bauman, Lawyers and Politics in the Early Roman Empire, 1989, 142ff. 2 PIR I2 1194. [English version] [2] Iunius A. Rusticus, Q. cos. suff. 92 66 n.Chr. wollte er als tribunus plebis für Thrasea im Senat interzedieren (Tac. ann. 16,2…

[English version] Consul 280 v.Chr., erster plebeischer pontifex maximus 254, erteilte Responsen erstmals öffentlich und in Verbindung mit Rechtsunterweisung (Dig. 1,2,2,35), verfaßte jedoch keine Schriften (Dig. 1,2,2,38). Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography Wieacker, RRG, 528, 535.

[English version] [1] Ch., Aurelius Arcadius röm. Jurist, um 300 Jurist wohl östl. Herkunft, magister libellorum unter Diocletian [2. 69ff.], schrieb “Einzelbücher” prozeßrechtlichen ( De testibus) und verwaltungsrechtlichen Inhalts ( De officio praefecti praetorio, De muneris civilibus; zu beiden Werken [1]). PLRE I, 200f. Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) Bibliography 1 F. Grelle, Arcadio Carisio, in: Index 15, 1987, 63-77 2 D. Liebs, Recht und Rechtslit., in: HLL V. [English version] [2] Presbyter und diákonos in Philadelphia, 5. Jh. Presbyter und diákonos in Philadelph…

(πατρίκιος, von lat. patricius). [1] Römisch-byzantinischer Hoftitel Seit Constantinus [1] I. Hoftitel im röm.-byz. Reich für hohe Beamte und Offiziere, bis ca. 11. Jh. Tinnefeld, Franz (München) Bibliography LMA 6, 1789-1791  ODB 3, 1600  W. Heil, Der konstantinische Patriziat, 1966. [English version] [2] Rechtsprofessor in Berytos, 5. Jh. Vater des iustinianischen Kompilators Leontios [5] (Const. Dedoken § 9), war in der 2. H. des 5. Jh. n.Chr. der bedeutendste Rechtsprofessor in Berytos. Seine Komm. zu den Kaisergesetzen wurden im Codex Iustinianus berücksichtigt und…

Röm. Familienname [1. 281; 482; 2. 735]. Die gens gehörte zum Municipaladel von Tusculum, kam um 200 v.Chr. in die röm. Politik und gelangte mit I. [I 6] in der Mitte des 2. Jh.v.Chr. zum einzigen Konsulat, worauf sie sich auch später noch berief (Cic. Planc. 12, 15; 18f. u.a.; vgl. Catull. 24,1-3). Wichtigste Familien waren die Thalnae (inschr. auch Talnae) und die Laterenses. I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] Angeblich erster plebeischer Aedilis curulis 4. Jh. v. Chr. Nach erfundener Familientradition der erste curulische Aedil aus der Plebs Ende des 4. …

[English version] [1] C.I.Calvinus Geminius Kapito Cornelius Pollio Squilla Q. Vulkacius Scuppidius Verus Senator unter Hadrian und Antoninus Pius, cos. suff. Senator, der unter Hadrian und Antoninus Pius eine längere prätorische Laufbahn absolvierte, die mit der Statthalterschaft in Lusitanien, dem Prokonsulat in der Baetica und einem Suffektkonsulat abschloß. ILS 1060; PIR2 J 13. Eck, Werner (Köln) [English version] [2] C. Octavius Tidius Tossianus L.I.Priscus röm. Jurist, 2. Jh. Jurist, Nachfolger des Caelius Sabinus (Arulenus [1]) und Vorgänger des Fulvius …

[English version] [1] praefectus praetorio für Illyrien, Jurist aus Berytos, 356-360 Jurist aus Berytos. Empfänger zahlreicher Briefe des Libanios. Von 356/7 n. Chr. bis zu seinem Tode (360) war er praefectus praetorio für Illyrien. Zuvor war er consularis Syriae (evtl. 349), vicarius Asiae (352) und procos. urbis Constantinopolitanae (354). 355 lehnte er es ab, praefectus urbi Romae zu werden (Lib. epist. 391). Er ist vielleicht identisch mit dem Agrarschriftsteller Vindonius Anatolius. Portmann, Werner (Berlin) [English version] [2] Mag. utriusque mil. praesentalis (s…

(Λεόντιος). [English version] [1] Ptolem. Kommandant von Seleukeia Pieria, Ende 3. Jh. v. Chr. Ptolem. Kommandant von Seleukeia Pieria; 219 v.Chr. übergab er die Stadt - nach anfänglichem Widerstand in aussichtsloser Position - an Antiochos [5] III. Ameling, Walter (Jena) [English version] [2] Peltastengeneral, 3. Jh. v. Chr. Makedone, von Antigonos [3] Doson testamentarisch zum Peltastengeneral berufen. L. widersetzte sich mit Megaleas der proachaiischen Politik Philippos' V. und dessen Mentor Aratos [2]; nach der Aufwiegelung der Elitetru…

[English version] Der Jurist war Stadtpräfekt unter den Flaviern (E. 1. Jh.n.Chr.) [2. 111f.; 3. 146ff.]: schon unter Vespasianus (Dig. 1,2,2,53) oder erst unter Domitianus (Iuv. 4,77). Statthalter in mehreren consularen Prov., darunter in Dalmatia (AE 1967, 355), gehörte zum consilium des Domitianus (Iuv. 4,77). P., aufgrund seiner Gelehrsamkeit “das Buch” ( Liber) genannt, wurde in Nachfolge des Proculus das Schulhaupt der Prokulianer. Als Suffektconsul schlug er zw. 71 und 73 n.Chr. das SC Pegasianum vor, das dem mit einem Erbschaftsfideikommiß belasteten Erben …

[English version] Jurist aus dem hell. Osten des röm. Reiches, von 293 bis 295 n.Chr. magister libellorum (Leiter der Bittschriften-Kanzlei) Diocletians [1; 3], veröffentlichte 295 n.Chr. den Codex Hermogenianus, eine halbamtliche Sammlung von Reskripten Diocletians aus den Jahren 293 und 294. Die Sammlung wurde in den Fragmenta Vaticana , in der Collatio legum Mosaicarum et Romanarum und in der Consultatio exzerpiert und vom Codex Iustinianus ( Haec, pr.; Summa § 1) übernommen. H. verfaßte auch die wohl späteste in den Digesten Iustinians exzerpierte Juristensc…