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[German version] (Ἁγνωνίδης; Hagnōnídēs). Son of Nicoxenus of Pergase. In 325/4 BC claimant in a naval document (IG II2 1629a 14f.). Accused in the Harpalus affair by Dinarchus (Hyp. in Demosthenem 40; Dion. Hal. de Dinarcho, 10f.). After the defeat of Athens in 322, the banished H. was able to stay in the Peloponnese through the mediation of Phocion. Later however H. instigated the latter's execution (May 318; Plut. Phocion 33-37; Nepos Phocion 3,3). Attested as the claimant again in 318/7 (IG II2…

(Νικόδημος; Nikódēmos). [German version] [1] Prosecutor of Demosthenes, probably died after 349 BC Athenian from Aphidna, prosecutor of Demosthenes [2] (Aeschin. 2,148), friend of Meidias [2] and of Eubulus [1], was killed by Aristarchus, the son of Moschus (Idomeneus FGrH 338 F 12) in 352 BC: [2]; (according to [1. 112] and [3. 9-12] the preferred date is more likely after 349 BC), for which deed Meidias held Demosthenes responsible (also [1. 102-105]; Aristot. Rh. 1397b 7 see [2]). …

(Ἰσμηνίας; Ismēnías or Ἱσμηνίας; Ismēnías). [German version] [1] Prominent Theban politician, 5th/4th cent. BC …

(Λεοντιάδης; Le…

[German version] (Κρατησί…

(Μαντίθεος; Mantítheos). [German version] [1] Athenian counciller ca. 415 BC Athenian, involved in the mutilation of the Herms ( Herms, mutilation of the) while a councillor in 415 BC (And. 1,43,4), fled to Sparta and then, like Alcibiades [3], to Asia Minor, where they were arrested at Sardes. They escaped to Clazomenae in 411 (Xen. Hell. 1,1,10). In 409, M. was named as one of a delegation to the Persian King (Xen. Hell. 1,3,13), and in 408 he was entrusted with the supervision (see Epimeletai) of the Athenian conquests on the Hellespont, while Alcibiades returned to Ath…

(Κήδων; Kḗdōn). [German version] [1] Athenian, attempted before 514 BC to topple the tyrannis of the Peisistratids Athenian, possibly of the  Alcmaeonid family, attempted in vain before 514 BC to topple the tyrannis of the  Peisistratids. This glorious deed was later commemorated at symposia with a  scolion (Aristot. Ath. pol. 20,5). Stein-Hölkeskamp, Elke (Cologne) Bibliography Rhodes, 248. [German version] [2] Athenian, commander of the left wing in the naval battle of Naxos 376 BC Athenian, under Chabrias he commanded the left wing in the naval battle of Naxos (and…

(Γέλων; Gélōn). [German version] [1] Greatest Sicilian tyrant prior to Dionysius I, about 491-479 BC Son of Deinomenes from Gela, greatest Sicilian tyrant prior to Dionysius I, period of reign c. 491-478 BC. Firstly bodyguard, later master-of-horse of Hippocrates of Gela, after whose death in 491 he usurped the tyrannis over Gela and brought the east Sicilian archḗ of his predecessor, comprising Gela, Camarina, Callipolis, Leontini, Catana, Naxos and numerous Sicilian communities, into his power (Hdt. 7,154). Called to help around 485 by the Syracusan gamoroi (land owners), who …

(Πανταλέων/ Pantaléōn). [German version] [1] King of the Pisates, middle of the 7th cent. BC Son of Omphalion, king of the Pisates (middle of the 7th cent. BC); P.'s rule may have been perc…

(Κηφισόδωρος; Kēphisódōros). [German version] [1] Writer of Old Comedy Poet of the Attic Old Comedy, for whom Lysias records a not further specified victory in 402 BC (Lys. or. 21,4) and whose name also appears on the list of winners at the Dionysia (after Nicophon and Theopompus) [1. test. 2; 3]. The titles of four pieces are transmitted (Ἀμαζόνες/‘The Amazons, Ἀντιλαΐς/‘Antilaïs, Τροφώνιος/‘Trophonius, Ὕς/‘Hy…

(Λέαινα; Léaina). [German version] [1] Hetaera of Aristogiton [1], 6th cent. BC Legendary hetaera of Aristogeiton [1]. After the murder of Hipparchus [1], Hippias [1] allegedly r…

(Ὀλυμπιόδωρος; Olympiódōros). [German version] [1] Athenian politician (end of the 4th cent. BC) Athenian, managed between 307 and 301 BC to induce Aetolia to enter into an alliance against Cassander and to relieve Elatea (Paus. 1,26,3; 10,18,7; 34,3). Although Demetrius [2] Poliorketes twice illegally appointed him (in 294/3 and 293/2) as eponymous árchōn (Dion. Hal. De Dinarcho 9; IG II2 378 = [1. D 70]; IG II2 389 and SEG 21,354; IG II2 649 = [2. 7f.]; Agora 16, 167; [3. 124 No. 9]; cf. in general Plut. Demetrius 34), O., when Athens seceded from Demetrius in 287/6, opposed the latter. From the city, he liberated the Museion (Paus. 1,26,1; 1,29,13; [4]); in 287/6, he defended Eleusis against the Macedonians, and in around 280 he won back the Piraeus, presumably as a hoplite strategos (PHercul. 1418 col. 33a (23a), cf. IG II2 2429). In Athens and Eleusis, O. won high acclaim for this (Paus. 1,25,2; 26,3) and was given the title …

[German version] [1] Socratic see  Socratics Dreyer, Boris (Göttingen) [German version] [2] Son of the Athenian stratēgós Chabrias, trierarch 334/3 BC Son of the Athenian stratēgós  Chabrias from Aexone, for whom Demosthenes [2] fought against the motion by Leptines for repeal of the atéleia ( Liturgies) in 354 BC (Dem. Or. 20,75; 82). C. is attested as trierarch (IG II…

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[German version] (Μικίων; Mikíōn). Son of M., from Cephisia. Shortly after 230 BC he and his brother Euryclides saw to it that the Macedonian troops in Piraeus under Diogenes [1] were paid and hence left (IG II2 834, 10ff.; [1. 79ff.; 118ff.]). He had helped Athens before (in 248/7; at the time perhaps agōnothétēs: IG II2 1705), when it was threatened from outside (Agora XVI 213 I 35, cf. [2. 26ff.]). From the 240s until the 220s M. and his brother rejected an alliance with Aratus [2] on ground of neutrality (Plut. Aratus 24; 33-34; 41; Pol. 5,106; [3. 235-240]). In the state cult of Demos [1] and the Charites (cf. [5]) they introduced, the t…

[German version] (spelled as in Stv II 309; on coins Λυκκείου/ Lykkeíou or Λυκπείου/ Lykpeíou, HN 236; [1. 199-201, pl. XXXVII; 2. 71]). L., king of Paeonia (359-335 BC), fought alongside Cetriporis of Thrace and Grabus of Illyria (356) against Philippus II of Macedonia, but joined the latter as an ally after the defeat (Isoc. Or. 5,21; Diod. Sic. 16,22,3: not mentioned by name); Stv II 309 (alliance with Athens of July 356). Dreyer, Boris (Göttingen) …

(Νίκαια; Níkaia). [German version] [1] Naiad Naiad, daughter of the Phrygian river god Sangarius and the goddess Cybele. As a huntress, N. spurns love and remains a virgin. In Memnon of Heracleia, she does not yield to Dionysus and so he resorts to a ruse and turns into wine the spring from which N. is accustomed to drinking. She becomes drunk and falls asleep. Dionysus overpowers her in her sleep and fathers with her 'satyrs and others' (Memnon FGrH 434 F 41, 8f.). In Nonnus, Dion. 15,169-16,405, the…

(Λυκοῦργος/ Lykoûrgos, ep. Λυκόοργος/ Lykóorgos, Lat. Lucurgus, Lycurgus). [German version] [1] Son of Dryas Son of Dryas, in Nonnus also son of Ares (Nonnus, Dion. 20,149 et passim), opponent of Dionysus, who drives the latter's nurses over the unidentified Nysḗïon mountains ( Nysa) with the bouplḗx (‘ox beater’) and intimidates the mad god to such an extent that he dives into the sea to Thetis (Hom. Il. 6,128-140). While in Aeschylus' tetralogy Lykourgeía (TrGF 3 T 68: Ēdōnoí F 57-67, Bassárai/- rídes F 23-25, Neānískoi F 146-149, …

(Πολύβιος; Polýbios). [German version] [1] (Physician) see Polybus [6] Physician, see Polybus [6] Dreyer, Boris (Göttingen) …

[German version] (Νικαρέτη/ Nikarétē). Daughter of a prominent family from Megara. Student of the philosopher Stilpo (Ath. 13,596e). The sources present her as a courtesan of Stilpo (Diog. Laert. 2,114 acc. to Onetor) and of the orator Stephanus (Ath. 13,593f). Her love for Stilpo earned her ridicule from the comedian Crates [1] (Diog. Laert. 2,118). The association with Stephanus is believed to be based on mistaken identity (with Neaera [6]). Dreyer, Boris (Göttingen)