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[German version] This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Hellenistic states | Lycii, Lycia | Pergamum | Delian League | Aegean Koine (Τελ(ε)μησσός/ Tel(e)mēssós or Τελμίσσος/ Telmíssos; Lycian Telebehi). Dynast residence, then polis in West Lycia, near present-day Fethiye (formerly Makri). Bronze Age traces [1]; significant since the 5th cent. BC (archaeological evidence; Lycian inscription TAM 1, 1-5; coins), member of the Delian League (ATL list 9, col. 3, line 33; list A 9, col. 1, line 130); ruled by the dynasty at Xanthus [4] from c. 420 BC. Shortly before 400 BC…

(Ξάνθος/ Xánthos). [German version] [1] Name of several figures in Greek mythology Name of several male figures in Greek mythology: 1) Son of Phaenops [2], who was killed by Diomedes [1] at the gates of Troy (Hom. Il. 5,152-158). 2) Son of Triopas and Oreasis. X. received a part of Lycia; from there, he settled the deserted island of Lesbos (Diod. Sic. 5,81,2; Hyg. Fab. 145). 3) One of the sons of Aegyptus, who is killed by Arcadia, daughter of Danaus (Hyg. Fab. 170). 4) A son of Niobe (Pherecydes FGrH 3 F …

(Ξάνθος). [English version] [1] Name mehrerer Gestalten der griech. Mythologie Name mehrerer männl. Gestalten der griech. Myth.: 1) Sohn des Phainops [2], der von Diomedes [1] vor Troia getötet wird (Hom. Il. 5,152-158). 2) Sohn des Triopas und der Oreasis. X. erhält einen Teil Lykiens; von dort aus besiedelt er die menschenleere Insel Lesbos (Diod. 5,81,2; Hyg. fab. 145). 3) Einer der Söhne des Aigyptos, den die Danaostochter Arkadia tötet (Hyg. fab. 170). 4) Ein Sohn der Niobe (Pherekydes FGrH 3 F 126).…

[English version] Dieser Ort ist auf folgenden Karten verzeichnet: Ägäische Koine | Attisch-Delischer Seebund | Hellenistische Staatenwelt | Lykioi, Lykia | Pergamon | Theater (Τελμησσός bzw. Τελεμησσός oder Τελμίσσος/ Telmíssos; lykisch Telebehi). Dynastenresidenz, dann Polis in West-Lykia, beim h. Fethiye (ehemals Makri). Brz. Spuren [1], bedeutend seit dem 5. Jh. v. Chr. (arch. Zeugnisse; lyk. Inschr. TAM 1, 1-5; Mz.), Mitglied im Attisch-Delischen Seebund (ATL Liste 9, Sp. 3, Z. 33; Liste A 9, Sp. 1, Z. 130), ab ca. 420 v…

[German Version] (Ital.: in the manner of a chapel) historically refers to choral music accompanied by instruments colla parte; today to unaccompanied choral music of any genre (sacred or secular). The practice of unaccompanied singing stems from ancient prohibition of musical instruments in church. Via reforms of the Council of Trent (1545-1564). The choral singing in the Sistine Chapel became the mode…

[German Version] (Ital.: “updating”) was used by Pope John XXIII. Closely associated with Vatican II, the term means the recognition of the historicity of the church and the church's adaptation to the modern world with a view to presenting its expressions and practices in a new way. This entailed adopting these formulations and practices in contemporary contexts. The process of aggiornamento had its greatest impact in the fields of liturgical practices, canon law, doctrinal formulations, as well as ecumenical dialogue. William T. Flynn Bibliography R. Marlé, Études 315, 1962, …

[German Version] I. Liturgy – II. Music I. Liturgy Already at an early stage the Eastern Church describes the Eucharistic bread as Amnos (Lamb) and signifies the breaking of bread as Christ's sacrifice (John 1:29; Rev 5:6f.). The Syrian pope Sergius I (died 701) introduced the Agnus Dei – known from the Gloria and litany – as a frequently repeated chant for the breaking of bread. With the introduction of eucharistic wafers its use lapsed; the now three-fold acclamation changes to the Peace and closes with the petition “give us your peace.” Hans-Christoph Schmidt-Lauber Bibliography J.A. J…

[German Version] (Lat., “Hail Mary”; antiphon and prayer, also title of a responsorial and an offertory). The first part of the text is a conflation of Luke 1:18 and 1:42, combining Gabriel's and Elizabeth's salutations to Mary. The second part (beginning at Sancta Maria) is a late petition (probably 15th cent.); they became inseparable by the early 17th century. The musical settings reflect the origins of the text. The popularity of the text grew with th…

[German Version] (a Latin loan word from the Greek ἀντιφωνή/ antiphonē: “sounding with”) in western liturgical chant generally indicates: 1. a short chant to a prose text usually sung before and after a psalm or canticle, but sometimes interspersed with them; 2. a devotional chant in honor of Mary (Maria antiphon), generally associated with the office of Compline; and …

[German Version] (from Lat. antiphonale, antiphonarium [ liber] antiphonarius). An antiphonary is a liturgical songbook of the Western Church containing choir chants for the prayer office (Matins-Compline). Early antiphonaries also contained choral chants for the mass, but eventually these were collected separately in the Gradual. Fragments of antiphonaries date from as early as …

Bibliographic entry in Chapter 4: United…

Bibliographic entry in Chapter 28: Econo…

Bibliographic entry in Chapter 8: Expans…

Bibliographic entry in Chapter 27: Race,…

Bibliographic entry in Chapter 28: Econo…