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(Πολυμήλη/ Polymḗlē, Πολυμήλα/ Polymḗla). [German version] [1] Mother of Jason Daughter of Autolycus [1], wife of Aeson [1], mother of Jason (Iason [1]) (Hes. fr. 38 M.-W.). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [German version] [2] Lover of Hermes Daughter of king Phylas [1] of Ephyra, lover of Hermes, mother by him of Eudorus [1], thereafter wife of Echecles, the son of Actor (Hom. Il. 16,179-190). Johannsen, Nina (Kiel) [German version] [3] Wife of Peleus before Thetis Daughter of Actor, wife of Peleus before Thetis (schol. Lycoph. 175), according to Eust. ad Hom Il. 2,684 the mothe…

[German version] [1] Mythical seer from Lesbos (Πρύλις; Prýlis). Mythical seer from Lesbos, apostrophized in Lycoph. 219-223. P. is son of the nymph Issa and Hermes (called Kádmos/Cadmus, in the Boeotian variant of the name, in line 219) and through Hermes, great-grandson of Atlas [2]. Prompted by presents from Palamedes [1], P. reveals to the Greeks in an early stage how to capture Troy, advising them to build the wooden horse. He is referred to as one who "helped to destroy his own kindred" in line 222 because the Troja…

(Σύβαρις; Sýbaris). [German version] [1] Monster on the mountain Cirphis near Crisa Monster on the mountain Cirphis near Crisa, also called Lamia (Lamia [1]). In order to keep the area free of S.' regular visitations, a youth called Alcyoneus was to be sacrificed. Out of love for him, however, Eurybatus spontaneously took his place. He managed to overcome S. and throw it from a rock. On the site of its fall the spring S. arises (Antoninus Liberalis 8, according to Nicander). Johannsen, Nina (Kiel) [German version] [2] Name of a youth Name of a youth, possibly a river god, in a picture…

(Ῥοῖκος/ Rhoîkos). [German version] [1] One of the Centaurs One of the Centaurs. R. is killed together with his companion Hylaeus by Atalante for importuning her (Callim. H. 3,221 with schol.; Apollod. 3,106; Ael. VH 13,1). Possibly identical with the Centaur Rhoetus (Ov. Met. 12,271-301; variants Rhoetus/ Rhoecus e.g. Verg. G. 2,456; Luc. 6,390; Val. Fl. 1,141; 3,65). Johannsen, Nina (Kiel) [German version] [2] Character in a Greek tale Cnidian, who has an oak which is threatening to topple propped up, thereby saving the life of the tree's nymph (Hamadryads), wh…

(Ζῆθος/ Zêthos). [German version] [1] Son of Zeus and Antiope (Pind. fr. 52k,44: Ζέαθος/ Zéathos). Son of Zeus and Antiope [1]. A parallel is sometimes drawn between Z. and his twin brother Amphion [1], and Castor and Polydeuces (Dioscuri) (Pherecydes FGrH 3 F 124; Eur. HF 29). Together with Zeus, Epopeus is also considered to be their father (Asius fr. 1 EpGF). Exposed after birth, the twins are brought up by herdsmen (Exposure, myths and legends of). When Antiope manages to escape from her captivity by Dirc…

(Ῥοῖκος). [English version] [1] einer der Kentauren Einer der Kentauren. Rh. wird gemeinsam mit seinem Gefährten Hylaios wegen seiner Zudringlichkeit von Atalante getötet (Kall. h. 3,221 mit schol.; Apollod. 3,106; Ail. var. 13,1). Evtl. identisch mit dem Kentauren Rhoetus (Ov. met. 12,271-301; Var. Rhoetus/ Rhoecus z. B. Verg. georg. 2,456; Lucan. 6,390; Val. Fl. 1,141; 3,65). Johannsen, Nina (Kiel) [English version] [2] griech. Märchengestalt Knidier, läßt eine Eiche abstützen, die umzustürzen droht, und rettet so auch das Leben der mit dem Baum verbundene…

(Πολυμήλη, Πολυμήλα). [English version] [1] Mutter des Iason Tochter des Autolykos [1], Gattin des Aison [1], Mutter des Iason [1] (Hes. fr. 38 M.-W.). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) [English version] [2] Geliebte des Hermes Tochter des Königs Phylas [1] von Ephyra, Geliebte des Hermes, von diesem Mutter des Eudoros [1], danach Gattin des Aktoriden Echekles (Hom. Il. 16,179-190). Johannsen, Nina (Kiel) [English version] [3] Gattin des Peleus vor Thetis Tochter des Aktor, vor Thetis Gattin des Peleus (schol. Lykophr. 175), nach Eust. ad Hom Il. 2,684 Mutter der Polydora [3]…

[English version] [1] myth. Seher aus Lesbos (Πρύλις). Myth. Seher aus Lesbos, der bei Lykophr. 219-223 apostrophiert wird. P. ist Sohn der Nymphe Issa und des Hermes (V. 219 in der boiotischen Namensform Kadmos genannt) und durch diesen Urenkel des Atlas [2]. Durch Geschenke des Palamedes [1] veranlaßt, kündet P. den Griechen frühzeitig den möglichen Weg zur Einnahme Troias und rät zum Bau des hölzernen Pferdes. Er wird daher V. 222 ‘Mitvernichter der Blutsverwandten’ genannt, denn die Troianer stammen über Dardanos [1] ebenfalls von Atlas ab (schol. Lykophr. 219-221). Johannsen,…

(Σφίγξ/ Sphínx, also ἀνδροσφίγξ/ androsphínx: Hdt. 2,175; Boeotian: φίξ/ phíx; pl. Σφίγγες/ Sphínges). [German version] I. Egypt Depiction of the Egyptian king with the body of a lion and a human head Greek designation for the depictions which were originally only of the Egyptian king with the body of a lion and a human head; there is no known Egyptian designation for this type of image. Three-dimensional sculptural representations of recumbent sphinxes have been documented since the 4th Dynasty. (Djedefre, 2570-2450 BC). The great sphinx of Gizeh, worshipped…

[German version] [1] Attic deme This item can be found on the following maps: Theatre | Peloponnesian War | Persian Wars | Attica | Attica | Education / Culture (Πειραιεύς/ Peiraieús, Latin Piraeus, modern Piraeus). [German version] I. Topography Large Attic deme of the phyle Hippothontis, main harbour of Athens on the west coast of Attica, c. 7 km from Athens. Its territory is a peninsula stretching c. 3 km into the Saronikos Kolpos, between the Aegaleos in the north and the Hymettus in the east. The west side of this peninsula encloses the 'large harbour', K…

(Πυθαγόρας/ Pythagóras). [German version] [1] Fictitious Spartan and adviser to Numa Pompilius Fictitious person, supposedly from Sparta, victor at the Olympic Games in 716 BC, emigrated to Italy where he became an adviser to king Numa Pompilius. It seems this person was constructed to establish a connection between P. [2] and Roman religion (Plut. Numa 1,2-3). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) Bibliography F. Ollier, Pythagore de Sparta, REG 59/60, 1946/7, 139-149. [German version] [2] Philosopher, c. 600 BC Natural philosopher and charismatic teacher from the 6th and early 5th cent…

(Πυθαγόρας). [English version] [1] fiktiver Spartaner und Berater des Numa Pompilius Fingierte Person, angeblich aus Sparta, Sieger bei den Olympischen Spielen 716 v. Chr., nach It. ausgewandert, dort Berater des Königs Numa Pompilius; diese Konstruktion soll offenbar eine Verbindung zwischen P. [2] und dem röm. Sakralwesen schaffen (Plut. Numa 1,2-3). Käppel, Lutz (Kiel) Bibliography F. Ollier, Pythagore de Sparta, REG 59/60, 1946/7, 139-149. [English version] [2] Philosoph, um 600 v. Chr. Naturphilosoph und charismatischer Lehrer des 6. und frühen 5. Jh. v. Chr.,…