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Rudolph, Wolf (Berlin RWG) [German version] A. Prefatory Remarks (CT) The city of (C.) possesses three museums with collections of antiquities, which are situated at only a few minutes' distance from one another. The Ny Carlsberg Glyptoteket is the public bequest of a single collector, whose foundation created an institution of national importance. The antiquities collection of the National Museum was built around a royal collection, which became national property. Finally, the Thorvaldsen Museum is a one-artist museum, a very early example in this category, comparable to the Rodin…

Rudolph, Wolf (Berlin RWG) [German version] A. Institution (CT) Address: The State Hermitage Museum, Dvortsovaya Naberezhnaya, 32-38, St. Petersburg, Russia. http://www.hermitagemuseum.org/ Along with the Louvre (Paris, Louvre), the British Museum (London, British Museum) and like institutions, the Hermitage stands in the tradition of the great art museums and houses ca. three million objects in its various departments. Due to financial shortfalls and the economic situation in Russia, the museum has been seeking new…

Rudolph, Wolf (Berlin RWG) [German version] A. Institution (CT) The organization responsible of the Museum of Fine Arts (MFA), which was founded in 1870, is a private foundation (address: MFA, 465 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5523, USA). Rudolph, Wolf (Berlin RWG) [German version] B. History of the collection (CT) Together with the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York and others, the MFA is one of the pioneering American museum institutions of the 19th cent. The Museum was founded on February 4, 1870, and its opening in the building on Copley Square…

Rudolph, Wolf (Berlin RWG) [German version] I. Classical Antiquity (CT) Rudolph, Wolf (Berlin RWG) A. History (CT) [German version] 1. General (CT) The British Museum (BM) and its collections indisputably are of international status. It is an object museum, whose origins defined it as a universal museum, in the Enlightenment sense, and also as a national establishment, which holds in trust the scientific and historical museum possessions of the British Nation. In its history as an institution, it has demonstrated a suc…

Rudolph, Wolf (Berlin RWG) [German version] I. Classical Antiquity (CT) Rudolph, Wolf (Berlin RWG) [German version] A. Institution (CT) Address: 36 Quai du Louvre, 75058 Paris Cedex 01, 75001 Paris. The Musée du Louvre is a national museum, which together with 34 others is under the Direction des Musées de France. It is the largest of these national institutions, and is also one of the largest museums in the world, on the same level as Berlin, London (London, British Museum) or St. Petersburg. In addition to its collection …

Niehoff, Johannes (Freiburg) I. General (CT) [German version] A. Chronology and Delineation (CT) 'Greece' (G.) can be understood in a dual sense: on the one hand, the term is used to refer to the modern Greek state since its foundation (1830); however, 'G.' can also – without immediate reference to questions of statehood - describe the territories of the former Byzantine empire in which the Greek-speaking culture found expression after 1204 or 1453, whether in the context of the Ottoman Empire (OE) or within…

Rudolph, Wolf (Berlin RWG) [German version] A. Concept and Origin (CT) The word 'museum', from the Greek museíon ('place for worshiping muses'), designates a public collection of cultural objects, especially art objects and the buildings housing them. The International Council of Museums provides a short definition: “A museum is a non-profit making, permanent institution in the service of society and of its development, and open to the public, which acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits, fo…

Rudolph, Wolf (Berlin RWG) [German version] A. Institution (CT) The J. Paul Getty Museum (GM) is a part of the J. Paul Getty Trust in Malibu, California. It currently collects art in seven separate departments: Greek and Roman antiquities, medieval manuscripts, European paintings, sculptures, drawings, artistic handicrafts and photographs. With its current collection areas the museum has, since the death of its founder, grown beyond his original concepts. Behind this growth, however, there was no long-te…

Rudolph, Wolf (Berlin RWG) [German version] I. Classical Antiquity (CT) Rudolph, Wolf (Berlin RWG) [German version] A. The Institution (CT) The institution of the Metropolitan Museum of Art (MMA) is a private foundation. Address: 1000 Fifth Avenue at 82nd Street, New York, NY 10028; Internet: http://www.metmuseum.org. The MMA is one of the largest museums in the world. Since its establishment, shortly after the American Civil War, it has grown through the systematic involvement of major benefactors and donors into a true colossus among col…

Rudolph, Kurt (Marburg/Lahn) [German version] Amsterdam, Allard Pierson Museum (CT) The Allard Pierson Museum (APM) is located at Oude Turfmarkt 127, 1012 GC Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It is funded by the University of Amsterdam. The museum receives active support and is anchored in the public domain through the Vereniging van Vrienden Allard Pierson, with its own journal [12]. (Website: www.uba.uva.nl/apm; e-mail: APM @UBA.UVA.nl) Rudolph, Wolf (Berlin RWG) [German version] B. History of the Collection (CT) The APM, with around 14, 000 objects, is the second most imp…