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Curtius

(1,352 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Porod, Robert (Graz) | Gatti, Paolo (Trento)
Roman surname (Schulze 78; ThlL, Onom. 2,765-770). The fictive early republican relatives of Curtius[I 1-3] are said to be the explanation for the name Lacus Curtius [1. 75ff.]. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] C., M. Hero of Roman legend Hero of Roman legend. When a crevice opened on the forum in 362 BC and an oracle announced that it would not close up until Rome's greatest possessions were sacrificed to guarantee the eternity of Rome, Curtius interpreted this as a sign of military bravery and jumped in full armour with h…

Anicius

(1,157 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Leppin, Hartmut (Hannover)
Name of a family that came from Praeneste, which is documented there already in the Republican era. An Anician achieved the consulate in 160 BC (see [I 4]), but otherwise the tribe does not distinguish itself again in the Republic. In the imperial era, however, the gens blossomed; from the post-Diocletian era until the 4th cent. AD as an urban Roman family, and then, continued by the members of the female line, emerged as Christian aristocracy of great significance in the 5th cent [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican era [German version] [I 1] A., C. Senator (middle of the …

Suffect consul

(321 words)

Author(s): Eck, Werner (Cologne)
[German version] Roman magistrates (Magistratus) were, on principle, elected for one year only. When, however, a magistrate resigned or died during his term of office, a successor had to be appointed for the rest of that year. This successor was called suffectus (from sufficere, 'to grow again'). While by-elections were rare during the Republic, it became normal during the period of the Triumvirate (43-30 BC) and then from 5 BC, to appoint more than two consuls per year from the outset who were to hold office in succession and in pairs. At first, there were usually only two suffecti per year…

Duvius

(118 words)

Author(s): Eck, Werner (Cologne)
[German version] L. D. Avitus One of the earliest senators to come from Gaul (Vasio Vocontiorum). After his praetorship he became praetorian governor of Aquitania; cos. suff. with Thrasea Paetus in the last months of AD 56. In 57/8 he became commander of the army of Lower Germany, presumably through the influence of the praetorian prefect Afranius Burrus (likewise from Vasio Vocontiorum) (CIL XII 1354 = ILS 979; AE 1976, 391). He drove out the Frisians, who occupied the right bank of the Rhine. With the commander of the…

Apponius

(351 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
[German version] [1] Q., Roman officer (46 BC) Q., officer (military tribune ?) of Pompey in Spain in 46 BC. (Dio 43,29,3) [1]. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] Cn. (middle of the 1st cent. BC) Cn., accuser of M.  Saufeius 52 BC (Ascon. 55C). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) Bibliography 1 Nicolet 2, 779-781. [German version] [3] Died 43 BC Proscribed and murdered in 43 BC (App. B Civ. 4,26). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [4] Died 68 AD Delator of unknown social rank, lynched by the people in Rome after Nero's death (Plut. Galba 8,7). Eck, Werner (Cologne) …

Neratius

(839 words)

Author(s): Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main)
The senatorial family came from Saepinum, where a large number of their inscriptions and buildings have been recovered. It entered the Senate no later than under Emperor Nero; its last members are attested in the 4th cent. [German version] [1] L.N.Marcellus Consul ord. II. AD 129 Senator. His natural father was probably N. [4], and his brother was N. [6]. N. was adopted by M. Hirrius Fronto Neratius [2] Pansa, together with whom he was admitted into the ranks of the patricians by Vespasian in AD  73/4. Until the consulate, he had a career without many offices; in 95, he became cos. suff. as a fo…

Plautius

(2,995 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Fündling, Jörg (Bonn) | Nadig, Peter C. (Duisburg) | Schmitt, Tassilo (Bielefeld) | Müller, Christian (Bochum) | Et al.
Name of a Roman plebeian family, in the late Republic also often spelt Plotius, with no clear difference in use (cf. Claudius/Clodius). The earliest epigraphic evidence comes from Praeneste (among it the maker of the Ficoronian Cista, Novios Plautios, CIL I2 561), while the family in Rome achieved political eminence after 367 BC (Münzer therefore considers them to have migrated from Praeneste [1. 42; 44f.; 412]), providing seven consuls between 358 and 318; their migration may explain their interest in integrating Latini (cf. P. [I 5]…

Livius

(6,493 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Müller, Christian (Bochum) | Nadig, Peter C. (Duisburg) | Giaro, Tomasz (Frankfurt/Main) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Et al.
Name of a Roman plebeian family, who probably came from Latium and was accepted into Roman nobility when Latium was integrated politically in 338 BC ( Latin law). The most important branches were first the Salinatores, then the Drusi (on the cognomen see Drusus). The third wife of Augustus and mother of the emperor Tiberius, Livia [2] Drusilla came from this branch (Stemma see Augustus; the family history of the branch is in Suet. Tib. 3). The line of the Salinatores was continued in the late Republic by the Livii Ocellae, who i.a. produced Livia Ocella, the stepmother of the emperor Galba [2]. E…

Poenius Postumus

(58 words)

Author(s): Eck, Werner (Cologne)
[German version] Equestrian praefectus [5] castrorum of the Legio II Augusta in Britain, who did not follow the orders of the governor Suetonius Paulinus during Boudicca's revolution in AD 60. Since he had deprived his legion of participation in the victory he killed himself (Tac. Ann. 14,34-37, esp. 37,3). PIR2 P 530. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

Vitellius

(1,946 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
Roman nomen gentile, in the form Vitellia also a place name, diminutive of Vitulus (thus [1]). The information on the early history of the family in Suet. Vit. 1,1-3 is fictitious. I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] The name is first recorded in the late Republican period. Therefore, the Vitellii fratres, who wanted to topple the young Republic with the Aquilii fratres (Aquillius [I 1]) in 509 BC according to annalistic tradition (Liv. 2,4,1-3; Plut. Publicola 3,4), are fictitious; likewise fictitious is the wife of the founder of the Republic L.…

Servenius

(45 words)

Author(s): Eck, Werner (Cologne)
[German version] L. S. Gallus. Praetor urbanus in AD 62 who had published an edict in the Forum Augusti [1]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 G. Camodeca, La ricostruzione dell'élite municipale ercolanese degli anni 50-70, in: Cahiers du centre G. Glotz 7, 1996, 167-178 (= AE 1996, 407).

Cingonius Varro

(69 words)

Author(s): Eck, Werner (Cologne)
[German version] Senator. After the murder of the praef. urbi Pedanius Secundus in AD 61 he applied to have P.'s freedmen only banned from Italy (Tac. Ann. 14,45,2). He composed a speech to the praetorians for Nymphidius Sabinus; executed by Galba (Plut. Galba 14f.; Tac. Hist. 1,6,1.37,3; PIR2 C 736). According to [1. 382] he may have been from the Transpadana. Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Syme, RP 4.

Considius

(531 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
Italian proper name (Schulze, 158, 456; ThlL, Onom. 2, 566f.) attested from 1st cent. BC, so C. [I 1] below is probably unhistorical. I. Republic [German version] [I 1] C., Q. People's tribune 476 BC People's tribune 476 BC. A later tradition that he proposed an agrarian law with his colleague T. Genucius and initiated a process against the consul of 477, T. Menenius, for not helping the Fabii at the Cremera (Liv. 2,52; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 9,27,2) is of doubtful authenticity. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [I 2] C., Q. Rich senator, 1st half of the 1st cent. BC In 74 BC was judg…

Rammius

(49 words)

Author(s): Eck, Werner (Cologne)
[German version] Q. R. Martialis. Equestrian of whose offices only the praefectura vigilum between AD 111 and 113 and the praefectura Aegypti between 117 und 119 are attested. In Egypt he had to deal with the aftermath of the Jewish rebellion. PIR2 R 20. Eck, Werner (Cologne)

Cassia

(219 words)

Author(s): Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Berger, Albrecht (Berlin)
[German version] [1] C. Mother of Avidius Cassius Wife of Avidius Heliodorus, mother of Avidius Cassius [1. 217]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] C. Marciana Wife of senator Wife of a senator, relative of Cassius Apronianus (I. Eph. 3, 710B; Raepsaet-Charlier no. 197). Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [3] C. Paterna Wife of Iulius [II 18] Asper Wife of Iulius Asper, cos. II AD 212 (PIR2 C 529). Eck, Werner (Cologne) Bibliography 1 Syme, SHA-Coll., 1987. [German version] [4] C. Byzantine poet and abbess, died c. AD 800/805 (also Cassiane and Eicasia). Byzantine poet a…

Stephanus

(2,678 words)

Author(s): Walter, Uwe (Cologne) | Hidber, Thomas (Berne) | Neudecker, Richard (Rome) | Savvidis, Kyriakos (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Et al.
(Στέφανος; Stéphanos). [German version] [1] Athenian politician, 4th cent. BC Athenian, son of Antidorides from the deme Eroiadai (Syll.3 205 = IG II/III2 213 = Tod 168: request to renew friendship and alliance with Mytilene in the spring of 346 BC), as prosecutor and politician aligned with Callistratus [2]. The allegation by Apollodorus [1] that S. had attempted to pass off the children of (his children by?) his common-law spouse, Neaera [6], a former hetaera from Corinth, as his own children from a legitimate marr…

Aedius

(110 words)

Author(s): Eck, Werner (Cologne)
[German version] [1] [M. Ae]dius Ba[ --], senator from Allifae (1st half 1st cent. BC) [M. Ae]dius Ba[ --], senator from Allifae, legate of  Tiberius (CIL IX 2344. 2341); CIL IX 2342 = ILS 944 probably refers to him, consequently per commendationem Ti. Caesaris Augusti ab senatu co(n)s(ul) dest(inatus) [1. 137 ff.]. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] [M. Aedi]us Celer, probably son of [1] [M. Aedi]us Celer, probably son of [1], lengthy senatorial career in the Augustan-Tiberian era, which led to the proconsulate of Creta-Cyrene (CIL IX 2335 = ILS 961; [1; 2] 125 ff.]). Eck, We…

Caesonius

(293 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Eck, Werner (Cologne)
Roman family name, documented from the 1st cent. BC (Schulze 136f.; ThlL, Onom. 54f.). I. Republican Age [German version] [I 1] C., M. Official, 1st cent. AD In 74 BC, judge in the first trial of A. Cluentius Habitus, judge in the  Verres trial in 70 BC; in 69 BC, curule aedile together with Cicero (Cic. Verr. 1,29; MRR 2,132). Possibly praetor in 66 BC, because he was regarded as a candidate for the consulship of 63 BC (Cic. Att. 1,1,1); probably identical with the C. mentioned by Cicero (Att. 12,11). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) II. Imperial Age [German version] [II 1] L.C. Lucillus Macer R…

Caecina

(1,087 words)

Author(s): Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) | Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) | Eck, Werner (Cologne) | Uggeri, Giovanni (Florence)
Roman family name of Etruscan origin ( Ceicna, Schulze, 75, 285, 567; ThlL, Onom. 15f.), whose bearers belonged to the city aristocracy of Volaterrae (cf. Cic. Fam. 6,6,9), where the family is attested in several branches and partly through richly adorned graves. (CIE 18-24; 36-42 et al.). The lineage appeared in Rome from the 1st cent. BC, but never lost its links with its homeland (cognomen Tuscus in C. [II 9]); villa of the Roman city prefect of AD 414, Caecina Decius Atinatius Albinus, (PLRE 1, 50)…

Rufius

(105 words)

Author(s): Eck, Werner (Cologne)
[German version] [1] C. R. Festus Laelius Firmus Senator, son of procurator C.R. Festus Senator, son of the procurator C. R. Festus; the family hailed from Volsinii in Etruria. He is probably mentioned in CIL XV 7525 along with his sons Marcellinus and Proculus, as well as in CIL XI 2698. The family did not rise to great importance until the end of the 3rd cent. AD. The most prominent member was C. Ceionius R. Volusianus, cos. ord. II in AD 314. PIR2 R 157; cf. 156; 159; 161. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2] Author of a historical brevarium s. Festus [4]
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