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[German version] (Lat. M. or Masinissa, Greek Μασανάσσης/ Masanássēs (Pol.), Μασαννάσας/ Masannásas (inscriptions), Numidian form of the name Massanassa). M. lived c. 230-148 BC (Pol. 36,16); son of Gaia, the eastern Numidian prince of the Massyli (IG XI 4, 1116; 1115 = Syll.3 652: Delos shortly before 167 BC; IDélos 1577; Liv. 24,49,1); brought up in Carthage (App. Lib. 10,37). From 212 BC he was commander of a Numidian cavalry corps in Spain in the service of Hasdrubal [3]. Here he defeated Roman troops at Castulo in 211 BC (App. Lib.…

[German version] [1] Ruler of east Mauretania, 81 BC Son of and successor to  Bocchus I, ruler of east Mauretania as far as the Mulucha. The mariner  Eudoxus of Cyzicus paid a call on him (Posidonius in Str. 2,3,4). In 81 BC B. sided with  Pompeius, who was campaigning against the supporters of Marius at Sulla's behest, against  Hiarbas, of Numidia (Oros. 5,21,14; Plut. Pompon. 12) [1. 67-68; 2. 266-274].  Hiempsal Meißner, Burkhard (Halle/Saale) Bibliography 1 M.-R. Alföldi, Die Gesch. des numidischen Königreiches und seiner Nachfolger, in: H. G. Horn, C. B. Rüger (ed.), Die Nu…

(drbl; Greek Ἀτάρβας; Atárbas). [German version] [1] Carthaginian general, 307 BC Successful general at the defence of Carthage against  Agathocles in 307 BC (Diod. Sic. 20,59; 61) [1. 9]. Günther, Linda-Marie (Munich) …

[German version] Youngest of the sons and heirs of Massinissa; co-regent with Micipsa and Gulussa after the death of Massinissa in 148 BC, supreme judicial authority. M.'s sons were Iugurtha and Gauda (Sall. Iug. 5; Liv. Periochae 50; App. Lib. 106; Zon. 9,27 D.).…

[German version] (Σύφαξ/ Sýphax, Σόφαξ/ Sóphax). King of the Masaesylians in western Numidia (Liv. 28,17f.; 24,48,2; Sil. Pun. 16,170-17,631; Plin. HN 5,1,19; Str. 17,3,9; App. Lib. 36-121). Initially an opponent of Carthage (Liv. 24,48f.; 27,4,5), he was won over by the Scipiones (Cornelius [I 68] and [I 77]) as an ally in the Second Punic War in 213 BC and his army was trained in the Roman manner (Liv. 30,11,4; 30,28,3f.). The eastern Numidians under Gala and Massinissa conquered parts of his terri…

[German version] Second son of  Massinissa; envoy to Rome (Liv. 42,23-24; 43,3,5-7; Liv. per. 48) [3. 429f.; 433]. In 150 BC envoy of  Massinissa to Carthage, on which occasion the attack on envoys led to war (App. Lib. 317-319; 336-339; Liv. per. 49) [2. 54; 3. 434]. When the inheritance was divided in 149 BC, military commander; in the 3rd Punic War on the side of Rome (App. Lib. 500-527; 596-604; Liv. per…

[German version] (Musochanes). Son of Massinissa. In the Third Macedonian War in 171 BC, Massinissa supported Rome with food and dispatched M. as the commander of a Numidian auxiliary contingent with 1,000 horse, a similar number of infantry and 22 war elephants to northern Greece to fortify his own position (Liv…

[German version] 160-104 BC; grandson of  Massinissa, son of  Mastanabal, who with  Micipsa and  Gulussa was joint ruler of Numidia. Brought up in the ways of war by Micipsa, in 134 BC he was sent to  Numantia as commander of the Numidian archers, slingers and elephants. Owing to his military achievements he enjoyed great popularit…

[German version] [1] Heir to the rule of Micipsa, murdered in 117 BC Together with his brother Adherbal [4] and cousin  Jugurtha heir to the rule of  Micipsa; tripartition of the kingdom. In 117 BC murdered on the orders of Jugurtha (Sall. Iug. 9,4; 11f.) [1. 59]. Meißner, Burkhard (Halle/Saale) [German version] [2] King of East Numidia, beginning of 1st cent. BC Son of Gauda; the king of eastern Numidia; in 88 BC Marius' son fled to him. Pushed out in 87 by …

[German version] (Μικίψας/ Mikípsas). Eldest heir of Massinissa. He, Mastanabal and Gulussa were regents after Massinissa's death in 148 BC. He was in charge of the royal residence of Cirta (App. Lib. 106; Zon. 9,27 D.). After the death of his two brothers M. ruled alone (Sall. Iug. 5). In the Iberian theatre of war and in Sardinia M. and Mastanabal supported Rome with troops and…

[German version] [1] Commander in the Second Punic War Nephew of Massinissa, grandson of Gaia. M. was taken prisoner by the Romans in 209 BC in the second Punic War as a cavalry commander …

[German version] [1] Mauretanian king, 110-181 BC B.I, Mauretanian king c. 110-81 BC: in the Jugurthine war was initially concerned about foedus and amicitia with Rome, then allied himself with his father-in-law,  Jugurtha (Sall. Iug. 80,3-6). After assuming command against Jugurtha in 107  Marius made contact with B., who was at the same time negotiating with Jugurtha; B. betrayed the latter in 105 (Sall. Iug. 105,1-108,2; 112,1-113,7) [1. 178], justified his own participat…

[German version] Wealthy Numidian noble and military commander under Iugurtha, against whom he plotted in 108 BC together with Jugurtha's confidant Bolmicar [4]. When the plot was discovered in documents, N. betrayed the conspirators to save himself; Jugurtha's acceptance of N.'s pleas was feigned, and he had most of the conspirators executed (Sall. Iug. 70,1-73,1). Numidae, Numidia Meißner, Burkhard (Halle/Saale) Bibliography M.R.-Alföldi, Die Geschichte des numidischen Königreiches und seiner Nachfolger, in: H.G. Horn, C.B. Rüger (ed.), Die Numider, 1979, 43-74  C. Saumag…

(Ἱάρβας; Hiárbas). [German version] …

(drbl; griech. Ἀτάρβας). [English version] [1] Karthag. Stratege 307 v. Chr. Erfolgreicher Stratege bei der Verteidigung Karthagos 307 v. Chr. gegen Agathokles (Diod. 20,59; 61) [1. 9]. Günther, Linda-Marie (München) [English version] [2] Karthagischer Stratege für Sizilien ca. 256-247 Karthagischer Stratege für Sizilien ca. 256-247 [1. 9-10], erfolgreich im Kampf gegen die Römer 250 bei Lilybaion und 249 bei der Verteidigung von Drepana (Pol. 1,46; 49-51). Günther, Linda-Marie (München) [English version] [3] Karthagischer Schiffskommandant unter Mago Karthagischer Schiffskommandant unter Mago, entkam 206 in der Meerenge von Gibraltar einer Attacke des C. Laelius bei Carteia (Liv. 28,30) [1. 11]. Günther, Linda-Marie (München) Bibliography 1 Geus. [English version] [4] König von (Ost-) Numidien (118-112 v. Chr.) …

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[English version] 160-104 v.Chr.; Enkel Massinissas, Sohn Mastanabals, der mit Micipsa und Gulussa Samtherrscher in Numidien war. Von Micipsa kriegerisch erzogen, wurde er 134 v.Chr. als Kommandeur numidischer Schützen, Schleuderer und Elefanten nach Numantia entsandt. Aufgrund seiner mil. Leistungen genoß er hohe Popularität und hatte persönl. Beziehungen zur röm. Führungsschicht, bes. zu Cornelius [I 70] Scipio Africanus; er erlernte die lat. Sprache (Sall. Iug. 5,4-9,1; 101,6; App. Ib. 387). Nach persönl. Empf…

[English version] (lat. M. oder Masinissa, griech. Μασανάσσης (Pol.), Μασαννάσας (inschr.), numid. Namensform Massanassa). M. lebte ca. 230-148 v.Chr. (Pol. 36,16); Sohn des ostnumid. Massylerfürsten (Massyli) Gaia (IG XI 4, 1116; 1115 = Syll.3 652: Delos kurz vor 167 v.Chr.; IDélos 1577; Liv. 24,49,1); in Karthago erzogen (App. Lib. 10,37). Seit 212 v.Chr. war er in Spanien Kommandeur eines numidischen Kavalleriecorps im Dienst Hasdrubals [3]. Hier siegte er bei Castulo 211 v.Chr. über die röm. Truppen (App. Lib. 10,37; Liv. 25,32-36). 208 operierte er bei Carthago Nova (Liv. 27,20). Die Schlacht von Ilipa (206 v.Chr.) beendete die karthag. Herrschaft in Spanien; M.s Neffe Massiva [1] verhandelte mit Rom; M. versprach Scipio für den Africafeldzug mil. Unterstützung (Liv. 28,35; App. Ib. 37,149f.) [1. 285ff.]. M.s Absicht war es, nach der Rückkehr aus Spanien 206 sein Erbe als Sohn Gaias gegen eine Gruppe um den eigenen Bruder Oezalces und dessen Sohn Capussa zu erkämpfen, die die Herrschaft bei den Massylern übernommen hatte. Gegen die beiden um die Macht konkurrierenden Gru…

[English version] (Μικίψας). Ältester erbberechtigter Sohn des Massinissa; Regent neben Mastanabal und Gulussa nach Massinissas Tod 148 v.Chr.; kontrollierte die Königsresidenz Cirta (App. Lib. 106; Zon. 9,27 D.). Nach dem Tod beider Brüder wurde M. Alleinherrscher (Sall. Iug. 5). Auf dem iberischen Kriegsschauplatz und in Sardinien unterstützten M. und Mastanabal Rom mit Truppen und Material (App. Lib. 111; Sall. Iug. 7-8; Vell. 2,9,4; Plut. C. Gracchus 23,5). 134 sandte M. Iugurth…

[English version] [1] mauretanischer König ca. 110-181 v.Chr B.I., mauretanischer König ca. 110-81 v.Chr.; im Iugurthinischen Krieg zunächst Bemühung um …