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[German version] [1] Wife of L. Cornelius Cinna (1st half of 1st cent. BC) Wife of L. Cornelius Cinna († 84), then of M. Pupius Piso Frugi, cos. 61 BC (Vell. Pat. 2,41,2). Perhaps sister of A. [I 12] and daughter of C.  Annius [I 15] Rufus. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [2] A. Aurelia Galeria Lucilla see Lucilla Aug. Spouse of L. Verus  Lucilla Aug. Eck, Werner (Cologne) [German version] [2a] A. Fundania Faustina daughter of M. Annius [II 9] Libo, married to T. Pomponius Proculus Vitrasius [4] Pollio; executed under Commodus (AD 180-192, HA Comm. 7,7). PIR2 A 713. Eck, Werner…

(Πίνδαρος/ Píndaros). [German version] [1] Tyrant of Ephesus (c. 560 BC) Tyrant of Ephesus ( c. 560 BC), nephew of Croesus. When Croesus laid siege to Ephesus, P. is said to have advised fastening the gates and walls of the town to the columns of the Artemisium (Ephesus with map) with ropes. Croesus, bound by a vow to the shrine, spared the town and promised safety and freedom but forced P. to leave; his son was spared and his fortune left untouched (Hdt. 1,26; Polyaenus, Strat. 6,50; Ael. VH 3,26). Högemann, Peter (Tübingen) Bibliography U. Muss, Bauplastik des archaischen Artemisions, 1…

Roman nomen gentile, sometimes confused with Sextius. The family surfaced as patrician with S. [1] and [5] in the mid 5th cent. BC. In the late Republic, it had only (politically insignificant) plebeian members. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] S., L. In order to illustrate the just administration of the first collegium of decemviri , especially the justice of C. Iulius [I 13] Iullus, Livy (3,33,9 f.) and Cicero (Rep. 2,61) tell the anecdote that after a corpse was found buried in the house of S., Iulius - who,…

(Πυθόδωρος/ Pythódōros). [German version] [1] Athenian, paved the way (in 411BC) for the oligarchic constitution of the 400 Athenian who, according to [Aristot.] Ath. Pol. 29,1-2 (cf. Thuc. 8,67,1), in 411 BC made a motion in the public assembly to elect a further 20 'preliminary counselors' ( próbouloi) to draw up proposals for saving the state. He thus paved the way for the oligarchic constitution of the 400 ( tetrakósioi ). Diog. Laert. 9,54 (= Diels/Kranz 80 A 1) names him as the prosecutor of Protagoras [1]. P. may be identical with the …

(Πυθόδωρος). [English version] [1] Athener, 411 v. Chr. Wegbereiter der oligarchischen Verfassung der 400 Athener, stellte nach [Aristot.] Ath. pol. 29,1-2 (vgl. Thuk. 8,67,1) im J. 411 v. Chr. in der Volksversammlung den Antrag, weitere 20 “Vorberater” ( próbuloi) zu wählen, die Vorschläge zur Rettung des Staates ausarbeiten sollten. Er bereitete damit den Weg für die oligarchische Verfassung der 400 ( tetrakósioi ). Diog. Laert. 9,54 (= Diels/Kranz 80 A 1) nennt ihn als Ankläger des Protagoras [1]. P. ist evtl. identisch mit dem Arc…

(Πίνδαρος). [English version] [1] Tyrann von Ephesos (ca. 560 v. Chr.) Tyrann von Ephesos (ca. 560 v.Chr.), Neffe des Kroisos. Als dieser Ephesos belagerte, soll P. geraten haben, die Tore und Mauern der Stadt durch Seile mit den Säulen des Artemisions (Ephesos mit Karte) zu verbinden. Kroisos, durch ein Gelübde dem Heiligtum verpflichtet, verschonte die Stadt, versprach Sicherheit und Freiheit, zwang aber P., die Stadt zu verlassen; sein Sohn blieb verschont, das Vermögen unangetastet (Hdt. 1,26; Polyain. 6,50; Ail. var. 3,26). Högemann, Peter (Tübingen) Bibliography U. Muss, Ba…

Common given name of Oscan or Umbrian origin not used by the Roman upper class (abbreviated in inscriptions as Sa. or Sal.), later appears as a nomen gentile; also a slave name. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican Era [German version] [I 1] Slave leader (Slave leader) see Tryphon [2]. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] Centurion named only by Plutarch as one of Pompeius' murderers Centurion named only in Plut. Pompeius 78,1 and 79,4 as one of Pompey's murderers. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 3] Freedman and probable agent of Caesar Freedman probably active as …

(also Poblicius, Poplicius, Populicius). Name of a Roman plebeian family, known from the 3rd cent. BC onwards, but not politically significant. During the Late Republic the name was often assumed by public slaves ( servi publici) after manumission as a token of their former status. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] P., Q. Praetor between 69 and 66 BC; after that, presumably governor in Asia Praetor between 69 and 66 BC; after that, presumably governor of the province of Asia (Cic. Clu. 126; Cic. Ad Q. Fr. 1,2,14?; MRR 2,143; 150). Bartels, Jens (Bon…

(In an older form also Peinarius, CIL I2 1357; 2469f.). Name of a patrician gens. According to tradition, they maintained a cult for Hercules at the Ara Maxima together with the Potitii (further evidence there). Hercules himself - or Evander [1] - is said to have transferred the cult to them at an extremely early time. The derivation of the name from πεινᾶν ( peinân, 'starve') is a scholarly construction based on the P. having had the smaller share in the sacrifices for Hercules (Serv. Aen. 8,270, i.a.). The family was also traced back to Pinus, the ostensib…

Name of an originally Etruscan plebeian family (Etruscan form Velimna) that was significant in the early Republic. The Volumnii of the 1st cent. BC are not its descendants. The tomb of the V. in Perusia (modern Perugia) with bilingual inscriptions (CIL XI 1963 - CIE 3763) was used from the 2nd cent. onwards. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) [German version] [1] V., P. Fought in 42 BC as a friend of M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus in the battle of Philippi, and wrote about it in a now lost work (Plut. Brutus 48; 51). Possibly identical to V. [4]? Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [2] V. Amintinus Gallus…

Italian family name, attested at Rome from the 1st cent. BC, but of political importance only from the time of Augustus, with S. [II 4-6] (Schulze, 228). Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] S., L. Mint magistrate in 101 BC (RRC 328) and praetor urbanus c. 93-89 (ILS 8208; Syme, RP 2, 608 f.). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] S. Saturninus Vetulo Proscribed in 43 BC, took refuge on Sicily (Val. Max. 7,3,9). With his cousin Scribonius [I 7] Libo he led the embassy to Antonius [B I 9] for Sex. Pompeius [I 5] in 40 B…

Name of a Roman patrician family (epigraphically also Serveilius), said to have migrated to Rome from Alba Longa under king Tullus Hostilius [4] (Liv. 1,30,2; Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 3,29,7). The oldest branches are the Ahalae and Fidenates in the 5th and 4th cents. BC; the Caepiones and Gemini, from whom the Vatiae (Isaurici) descended, appear in the 3rd cent. The last prominent member of the Servilii Caepiones was the murderer of Caesar, M. Iunius [I 10] Brutus, son of Servilia [1], and himself adopted into the family. I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] A fleet commander in the B…

Roman family name, probably derived from Varus. Name-bearers first attested in the 1st cent. BC, but only in the Imperial period did they attain any prominence. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republican period [German version] [I 1] V. Cotyla, L. Aedile in 48, 47 or 44 BC (Cic. Phil. 13,26), emissary at Rome for M. Antonius [I 9] in 43, and his legate in Gallia transalpina (Cic. Phil. 5,5-7; 8,24-32; Plut. Antonius 18,8). Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] V. Rufus, L. Roman poet, c. 70-15 BC Renowned Roman poet (Hor. Ars P. 55) of the Augustan period (c. 70-15 BC). Wi…

I. Republican Period [German version] [I 1] P. Relative of Cicero's second wife Publilia A close relative (brother?) of Cicero's second wife Publilia; for this reason, he is frequently mentioned in Cicero's letters to T. Pomponius [I 5] Atticus. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [German version] [I 2] P., Volero People's tribune in 472 and 471 BC People's tribune in 472 and 471 BC (MRR 1, 29 f.). P. is said to have introduced a bill in 472 to have the election of the tribunes of the plebs take place not in the comitia curiata, which were dominated by patricians and their clients, but in the comitia tributa (Co…

Name of a Roman patrician family, derived from the praenomen Quintus; in inscriptions and MSS also Quintilius. In the annalistic tradition the family was one of Rome's oldest, supposed to have arrived in Rome under the king Tullus Hostilius (Dion. Hal. Ant. Rom. 3,29,7; cf. Liv. 1,30,2, though he has Quinctii); of a consul recorded in 453 BC and a consular tribune in 403 nothing further is known. In the historical period, members of the family are known from the end of the 3rd cent. on (bearing the inherited cognomen Varus), but they achieved no lasting noble status. The most promin…

Häufiger Vorname oskischer oder umbrischer Herkunft, der nicht in der röm. Oberschicht verwendet wird (abgekürzt inschr. Sa. oder Sal.), erscheint spät als Gentilnomen und ist auch Sklavenname. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] Sklavenführer (Sklavenführer) s. Tryphon Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [English version] [I 2] Nur bei Plutarch unter den Mördern des Pompeius genannter Centurio Nur bei Plut. Pompeius 78,1 und 79,4 unter den Mördern des Pompeius genannter Centurio. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [English version] [I 3] Freigelassener und…

Name einer röm. patrizischen Familie, vom Praen. Quintus abgeleitet, inschr. u. hsl. auch Quintilius. Nach annalist. Trad. gehörte die Familie zu den ältesten Roms und soll unter König Tullus Hostilius nach Rom gekommen sein (Dion. Hal. ant. 3,29,7; vgl. Liv. 1,30,2, dort aber Quinctii); bekannt sind ein cos. 453 v. Chr. und ein Consulartribun 403, ohne daß weitere Nachr. vorliegen. In histor. Zeit sind Angehörige seit dem Ende des 3. Jh. bekannt (mit dem erblichen Cogn. Varus), ohne dauerhaft in die Nobilität zu gelangen. Das prominenteste Mitglied ist P. Q. [II 7] Varus ( cos. ord. 13…

I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] P. Verwandter von Ciceros zweiter Frau Publilia Ein naher Verwandter (Bruder?) von Ciceros zweiter Frau Publilia, der daher öfter in Ciceros Briefen an T. Pomponius [I 5] Atticus erscheint. Bartels, Jens (Bonn) [English version] [I 2] P., Volero Volkstribun 472 und 471 v. Chr. Volkstribun 472 und 471 v. Chr. (MRR 1, 29 f.). 472 soll P. ein Gesetz eingebracht haben, das die Wahl der Volkstribunen statt in den von den Patriziern mit ihren Klienten dominierten comitia curiata in den comitia tributa ( comitia ) vo…

(ältere Namensform auch Peinarius, CIL I2 1357; 2469f.), Name einer patrizischen gens. Der Überl. nach übte sie zusammen mit den Potitii (dort auch Belege) an der Ara Maxima einen Kult für Hercules aus, der ihr schon in frühester Zeit, nämlich von Hercules selbst bzw. Euandros [1], übertragen worden sei. Gelehrte Konstruktion ist die Ableitung des Namens von πεινᾶν ( peinán, “hungern”), weil die P. geringeren Anteil an den Opfern für Hercules gehabt hätten (Serv. Aen. 8,270 u.a.). Die Familie wurde auch auf Pinos, den angeblichen Sohn des Numa Pompilius…

(auch Poblicius, Poplicius, Populicius). Name einer röm. plebeiischen Familie, seit dem 3. Jh. v. Chr. bekannt, aber polit. nicht bedeutend. In der späten Republik wurde der Name gerne von Staatssklaven ( servi publici) nach der Freilassung als Zeichen ihres früheren Standes angenommen. Elvers, Karl-Ludwig (Bochum) I. Republikanische Zeit [English version] [I 1] P., Q. Zwischen 69 und 66 v. Chr. Praetor, dann vermutlich Statthalter in Asia War zw. 69 und 66 v. Chr. Praetor, danach verm. Statthalter der Prov. Asia (Cic. Cluent. 126; Cic. ad Q. fr. 1,2,14?; MRR 2,143; 150). Bartels, …