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Mariaba
(509 words)
[German version] (Μαρίαβα;
Maríaba). Capital of the Sabaean kingdom in the south-west of Arabia Felix, today the town of Mārib (15° 26′ N, 45° 16′ O). M. is mentioned as the metropolis of the Sabaeans in Str. 16,768, according to Eratosthenes, and in Str. 16,778, according to Artemidorus. It can be found as
Mariba in Plin. HN 6,160 as well as in R. Gest. div. Aug. 26; Ptol. 6,7,37 lists the metropolis Μαράβα/
Marába (variant Μάρα/
Mára, Βάραβα/
Báraba). The name form Marsyaba (Str. 16,782) is surely a contamination of Mariaba and Saba. Sabaean inscriptions also render the…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Mapharitis
(335 words)
[German version] (Μαφαρῖτις/
Mapharîtis, Peripl. m.r. 22). A region in the interior of south western Arabia Felix. In its capital Sawe (Σαυή), three travel days from the port of Muza, resided a prince by the name of Cholaebus (Χόλαιβος), in the middle of the 1st cent. AD. Compare the contemporary Sabaean inscription Sharabi-as-Sawā 1 (squeeze of inscription in [1] and [2]), according to which Kulayb Yuhamin, the tribal leader of Maāfirum, had a temple built below the city of Śawām. At the time, …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Sabbatha
(144 words)
[German version] (Σαββαθά/
Sabbathá: Peripl. m. r. 27; Σάββαθα/
Sábbatha: Ptol. 8,14,22;
Sabota: Plin. HN 6,155 and 12,52; corruption Χαβάτανον/
Chabátanon and variant: Str. 16,4,2; inscription
Šabwat; already in the Arabic geographers in the form
Šabwa: Hamdānī, Ǧazīra Müller 87; 98; Yāqūt, Muǧam Wüstenfeld 3,257). Maepha was the southern, S. the northern capital of Ḥaḍramaut in southern Arabia. Important for trade in incense, S. was the seat of Īlazz II. Yaliṭ (= Ἐλέαζος/
Eléazos, Peripl. m. r. 27)
c. AD 29. S. was probably destroyed
c. 200 by Yadail Bayyin of Ḥaḍramaut,…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Marsyaba
(147 words)
[German version] (Μαρσύαβα/
Marsýaba, var. Μαρσίαβα/
Marsíaba, Μαρσυαβαί/
Marsyabaí Str. 16,782). A town of the tribe of the Rhammanitae (Ῥαμμανῖται;
Rhammanîtai) in Arabia Felix, subject to Ilasarus (Ἰλασάρος;
Ilasáros). In 24 BC, M. was unsuccessfully besieged for six days by the Roman army ( Aelius [II 11] Gallus); cf. the contemporary Sabaean inscription Répertoire d'Épigraphie Sémitique 4085, according to which the leader of the tribe of the Rhammanitae built an irrigation system for his master Ilšaraḥ. In other campa…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Maesaimanes
(133 words)
[German version] (Μαισαιμανεῖς/
Maisaimaneîs, var. Μναισαιμανεῖς/
Mnaisaimaneîs, Ptol. 6,7,21). A people settling in north-western Arabia directly west of the Zamēs mountain range in the neighbouring area of the Thamydenians; definitely identifiable with the Batmizomaneis (var.
Banizomeneis, Diod. Sic. 3,44,2) mentioned in Agatharchides (De mari Erythraeo 92) in the same region and with the Marsimani - named in the annals of Sargon II of Assyria from 715 BC after the Tamudi - who lived in the desert, owed tribute to no king and b…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Macna
(26 words)
[German version] (Μάκνα/
Mákna, Ptol. 6,7,27) was situated at the site of the modern oasis of Maqnā on the Gulf of ʿAqaba. Dietrich, Albert (Göttingen)
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Arabia
(955 words)
[German version] Although A. owes its name to the word
arab (Bedouins), the majority of its population was always sedentary. However, favourable climatic conditions for agriculture only existed in the south-western A. highland and large oases such as Yat̄rib/Medina (Ḥiǧāz) and al-Yamāma in the East. Classical geography distinguished between A.
deserta, which extended from southern Syria to the northern Ḥiǧāz, and A.
felix, the southern part of the A. peninsula. The tripartite classification of Ptolemy, which added A.
petraea, did not establish itself [1]. Since the earliest t…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Malichu insula
(108 words)
[German version] (Plin. HN 6,175 after Juba). Island off the west coast of Arabia Felix in the southern Red Sea. It served as the next point of orientation for seafarers after passing Exusta ( Catacecaumene [2]). M. can probably be identified with the island of Ḥạnīš al-kubrā (13° 43' N, 42° 45' E); it rises to a height of 407 m. When Ptol. 6,7,44 mentions Malichou (Μαλίχου /
Malíchou, Var. Μαλιάχου δύο /
Maliáchou dýo, i.e. the two islands of Malichus), this may refer to the two Ḥanīš Islands, i.e. the main island and its smaller, northern neighbour, Ḥanīš aṣṣ̄ụġrā. Müller, Walter W. (Marburg…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Saphar
(45 words)
[German version] (Σαφάρ/
Saphár: Periplus maris Erythraei 23;
Sapphar: Plin. HN 6,26; Σάπφαρ/
Sápphar: Ptol. 6,7,41). The city of Ẓafār, referred to as ẒFR in an inscription (CIS IV 312,6), located near present-day Yerim. It replaced Mariaba as the capital of the Homeritae. Dietrich, Albert (Göttingen)
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly