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Mythography
(3,249 words)
(μυθογραφία;
mythographía). [German version] I. Introduction Mythography is a commonly used term for ancient and post-antique literature that presents, collects and also interprets myths (and is therefore applied also to indigenous recording of comparable narrative traditions in other cultures or to ethnographic transcriptions of them). The term mythography, however, has to remain imprecise, if only because of the implicit problem in finding a definition for myth, especially in relation to its differe…
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Musaeus
(1,336 words)
(Μουσαῖος;
Mousaîos). [German version] [1] Mythical companion of the Muses Mythical companion of the Muses (whose name is an adjectival derivative of Μοῦσα (
Moûsa; ‘Muse’)), an archegete of poetry and a close associate of Orpheus connected with Eleusis [1] . As a scion of the Muses (and Selene: Pl. Resp. 2,364e), M. was brought up by them (Ps.-Eur. Rhes. 945-947) and buried on their hill in Athens (Paus. 1,25,8; in Phaleron: Anth. Pal. 7,615). The origin of M. who lived in Eleusis and Athens (Suda s.v. Μ.) (pelike, Beazley, ARV2 1313,7, end of the 5th cent. BC; Aristoxenos fr. 91 Wehrli2 = 2 A…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Tlepolemus
(811 words)
(Τληπόλεμος/
Tlēpólemos, Doric Τλαπόλεμος/
Tlāpólemos). [German version] [1] Son of Heracles and Astyochia Son of Heracles [1] and Astyochia. After the Heraclidae retreated from the Peloponnese, T. settled in Argos along with Licymnius [1] and killed him there in the midst of an argument (Diod. 4,58,5-8; in Tiryns: Pind. Ol. 7,20-38; unintentionally: Zenon of Rhodos FGrH 523 F 1). As a result, T. fled to Rhodos, where he followed the Doric tradition and "settled three times according to
phyle " (Hom. Il. 2,668), that is, he created a new political fo…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Purification
(1,558 words)
[German version] A. Introduction The cleansing of defilement or impurity (Greek
kátharsis,
katharmós) can be understood as a strategy for overcoming calamity [5. 149-155]. Purification in this sense was introduced to Greek civilization through contact with the Ancient Orient [6. 55-64]. Heinze, Theodor (Geneva) B. Religious [German version] 1. Ancient Orient and Egypt Although the ancient oriental civilizations had certain widespread features in common, there were differences in which forms of impurity were regarded as particularly significant and how they were removed. In …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly
Cadmus
(1,073 words)
(Κάδμος;
Kádmos, Lat. Cadmus). [German version] [1] Son of Agenor and Telephassa Son of Agenor [1] (or Phoenix) and Telephassa (or Argiope or Tyro), brother (or half-brother) of Phoenix, Cilix and others, uncle (or brother) of Europa [2], husband of Harmonia, father of Agave, Autonoe, Ino, Semele and of Polydorus (first mentioned in Hom. Od. 5.333;
Kadmeíoi Kadmeíōnes already mentioned in Hom. Il. 4.385 and passim; Hes. Theog. 937; 975-978; at least since Bacchyl. 19.46-51 descendant of Io). In his search for Europa, C. leaves Tyre (Hdt. 2.49.3; Eur. Phoen. 639)…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Megara
(2,675 words)
[German version] [1] Daughter of Creon (Μεγάρα/
Megára, Μεγάρη/
Megárē). Daughter of Creon [1] of Thebes, wife of Heracles [1] (Hom. Od. 11,269-270), who had received her hand in thanks for the liberation of Thebes from tribute to Erginus, and mother of some of the Heraclidae. Whereas the Thebans according to Paus. 9,11,2 tell of the insane Heracles' infanticide (on his insanity Cypria p. 40,28f. PEG) as nothing other than what Stesichorus (= 230 PMGF) and Panyassis (= fr. 1 PEG) relate, the version of P…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Zopyrus
(988 words)
(Ζώπυρος;
Zṓpyros). [German version] [1] Persian, took part in the capture of Babylon Prominent Persian, son of Megabyzus [1], who according to Hdt. 3,153ff. had the gates of rebelling Babylon opened to Darius [1] I by using a ruse (self-mutilation and pretending to be a victim of the Great King). For this deceptive manoeuvre (Polyaenus, Strat. 7,13; referring to King Cyrus: Frontin. Str. 3,3,4) Z. allegedly received from Darius the satrapy of Babylonia for life and tribute-free, but he was killed when the B…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Melanthius
(610 words)
(Μελάνθιος/
Melánthios). [German version] [1] Treacherous goatherd of Odysseus (also Μελανθεύς/
Melantheús). Son of Dolius [2], brother of Melantho [2], treacherous goatherd of Odysseus, negative counterpart to the swineherd Eumaeus and the cowherd Philoetius (Hom. Od. 17,212-22,479). Heinze, Theodor (Geneva) Bibliography G. Ramming, Die Dienerschaft in der Odyssee, 1973, 15-17; 74-77; 142-145. [German version] [2] Athenian strategos, 499/8 BC Athenian
strategos who led the troops sent in support of the Ionians when they revolted in 499/8 (Hdt. 5,97). Ionian Revolt Stein-Hö…
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Brill’s New Pauly
Lycurgus
(2,669 words)
(Λυκοῦργος/
Lykoûrgos, ep. Λυκόοργος/
Lykóorgos, Lat. Lucurgus, Lycurgus). [German version] [1] Son of Dryas Son of Dryas, in Nonnus also son of Ares (Nonnus, Dion. 20,149
et passim), opponent of Dionysus, who drives the latter's nurses over the unidentified
Nysḗïon mountains ( Nysa) with the
bouplḗx (‘ox beater’) and intimidates the mad god to such an extent that he dives into the sea to Thetis (Hom. Il. 6,128-140). While in Aeschylus' tetralogy
Lykourgeía (TrGF 3 T 68:
Ēdōnoí F 57-67,
Bassárai/-
rídes F 23-25,
Neānískoi F 146-149,
Lykoûrgos F 124-126) L. is king of the Thracian …
Source:
Brill’s New Pauly