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[German Version] (Mar 31, 1900, Neuburg Dec 26, 1978, Bonn), received his doctorate in 1926 under R. Bultmann and his habilitation in Jena in 1928 under K.L. Schmidt, with a study of Ephesians. Having lost his …

[German Version] I. Religious Studies Retribution – recompense of good with good and evil with evil, in religion as reward (Payment) or punishment for human conduct, imposed in this life or the next by God or fate – is an aspect of reciprocity, the principle of quid pro quo (Merit). Richard Thurnwald was the first to point out the significance of reciprocity for social action and worldview in ethnic societies. It goes beyond reciprocating with a gift or assistance, or exchanging daughters between exogamous groups; the moral, legal, and religious feelings of ethnic groups are based on the principle of reciprocity, which Thurnwald considered the “foundation for the human sense of justice.” He also pointed out the sacral wellspring of this principle. The administration of justice and moral action, he argued, are only an “assist” in service of divine order. B. Malinowski saw in reciprocity the “inner symmetry of all social transactions,” and M. Mauss even declared it “the total social phenomenon.” Meyer Fortes made reciprocity the fundamental element of his theory of “prescriptive altruism,” and Christian Sigrist viewed it as the formative power behind the “regulated anarchy” of segmenta…

[English Version] Schlier, Heinrich (31.3.1900 Neuburg – 26.12.1978 Bonn), prom…

[English Version] I. ReligionsgeschichtlichV. – die Erwiderung von Gutem durch Gutes und Bösem durch Böses, in der Rel. in Form von göttlichem bzw. schicksalhaftem Lohn oder Strafe für menschliches Verhalten in diesem Leben oder nach dem Tod – ist ein Aspekt der Reziprozität, des Prinzips von Leistung und Gegenleistung (Verdienst). Richard Thurnwald verwies als erster auf die Bedeutung der Reziprozität für das soziale Handeln und das Weltbild in ethnischen Gesellschaften. Nicht nur die Erwiderung …