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[German version] The Lamian (or ‘Hellenic’) War, named after the polis of Lamia, was waged by the Athenians and Aetolians and their allies against Antipater [1]. Its causes were, specifically, Alexander [4] the Great's decree on the exiles, and generally, the hope that the Macedonian hegemony over Hellas could be undone in the wake of Alexander's death (323 BC). After early successes…

[German version] (Θούκριτος; Thoúkritos). Son of Thucritides of the deme Halimus; Athenian, whose son Euxitheus had to attest to the citizenship of Th. in a trial c. 346 BC (Dem. Or. 57,28,67 f.). Engels, Joha…

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(Ξενοπείθης/ Xenopeíthēs). [German version] [1] From Athens, c. 400 BC Athenian of the late 5th and early 4th cent. BC, son of Nausimachus from the Paeania deme; won a victory with a boys' chorus at the Thargeliain …

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[German version] (Χρεμωνίδης; Chremōnídēs). Son of Eteocles; Athenian politician of the 3rd cent. BC, from the Aethalidae deme. In the summer of 268 BC he proposed the resolution that the Athenian people ally themselves with Sparta and other Greek states; their decision led to the Chremonidean War (cf. IG II2 686-687 = StV 476), at the end of which C. fled to Ptolemy II in Alexandria with his brother Glaucon (cf. Teles, περὶ φυγῆς p. 23 Hense). There he became a counsellor and adviser (σύμβουλος; sýmboulos and πάρεδρος; páredros, Teles p. 23 H.). It was as a nauarch of Ptolemy that…

[German version] (Δερκύλος; Derkýlos). Son of Autocles of Hagnous, Athenian emissary to  Philippus II for the Peace of Philocrates in 346 BC (Aeschin. Leg. 47; 140; Dem. Or. 19,60,125. 175). D. was guarantor for Athenian ships in 341/40 (IG II2 1623, 179-180) and was strategos in 319/8 (Plut. Phocion 32,5; Nep. Phocion 2,4; IG II2 1187: honour conferred by the demos of the Eleusinians). (PA and APF 3249).  Athens Engels, Johannes (Cologne)

[German version] The Chremonidean War is named after  Chremonides, son of Eteocles from the Aethalidae deme [1. 176-185; 2; 3]. It was at his behest that Athens entered an alliance with Sparta and other states during the archonship of Peithidemos [12]. The official purpose of this new alliance of the Hellenes supported by  Ptolemaeus II was to protect the freedom of the Hellenes, their  …

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[German version] (Φωκίων; Phōkíōn). Son of Phocus, Athenian, from the Potamon (?) deme, stratēgós and respected rhetor (Plut. Phocion 5,5), 402/1-318 BC. P. was elected strategos 45 times (ibid. 8,1-2) - more often, probably, than any other Athenian; in 322-318 he and Demades led the oligarchic regime in Athens, he was a pupil of Plato [1] and friend of Xenocrates (Plut. Phocion 4,2; Plut. Mor. 1126c). In 376/5 as a trierarch (?) under the strategos Chabrias P. (or Cedon [2]: Diod. Sic. 15,34,5) commanded the left wing at the naval victory over Spart…

[German version] (Ἱμεραῖος; Himeraîos). Son of Phanostratus of Phalerum, Athenian rhetor of the 4th cent. BC, brother of  Demetrius [4] of Phalerum, priest of Poseidon (Syll.3 289,18); opponent of the Macedonians and counsel for the prosecution against Demosthenes in the trial of  Harpalus in 323 BC (Plut. Mor. 846C). After the defeat of Athens in the Lamian War in 322 BC, H. fled to Aegina, was sentenced to death in his absence on the orders of Demades, seized and executed by command of  Antipater [1] (Arr. FGrH 156 F 9 (13); Lucian. Demosthenis Encomium 31; Plut. Demosthenes 28,4).…

(Λεωσθένης; Leōsthénēs). [German version] [1] Athenian rhetor and strategos, 4th cent. BC Outstanding Athenian rhetor from the Cephale deme (Aeschin. Leg. 124), father of Leosthenes [2]. Sent as stratēgós against Alexander [15] of Pherae in 362/1 or 361/60 BC, L. was prosecuted in Athens for treason and condemned to death after Peparethus and Panormus had fallen to Alexander and the Piraeus was threatened (Polyaenus, Strat. 6,2,1f.). L. went into exile at the Macedonian court, where he was held in high standing by Philippus II (Diod. Sic. 15,95,2f.; Aeschin. Leg. 124; Hyp. 3,1 Jensen ).…

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(Λυσιθείδης; Lysitheídēs). [German version] [1] Persian-friendly Greek, 5th cent. BC…

[German version] (Μελάνωπος; Melánōpos), son of Laches of Aexone. Member of the Athenian legation to Sparta in 372/1 BC (Xen. Hell. 6,3,2). He proposed a decree of the Council in 364/3 (IG II…

[German version] (Ἄφοβος; Áphobos). Son of Mnesiboulus of the Attic deme of Sphettus (?),  before 400 BC, died after 361. Cousin of the orator  Demosthenes, trierarch (Dem. Or.…

(Πυθιάς; Pythiás). [German version] [1] Wife of Aristotle [6] Niece and probably adopted daughter of Hermias [1] of Atarneus, wife of the philosopher Aristotle [6], who married her, presumably after the death of Hermias, in  341. They had a daughter called P. [2] and a son called Nicomachus, the eponym of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics (Diog. Laert. 5,3-4; Str. 13,1,57). P. died before 322 BC. Engels, Johannes (Cologne) [German version] [2] Daughter of Aristotle [6] and P. [1] Daughter of the philosopher Aristotle [6] and P. [1]; wife of Nicanor, a cousin of her fathe…

[German version] (Ἀφόβητος; Aphóbētos). Son of Atrometus of the Attic deme of Cothocidae, younger brother of  Aeschines [2], the rhetor, born c. 395, died after 343 BC, from 377/76 to 353/2 hypogrammateus and   grammateus (Dem. Or. 19,…

(Θρασύλοχος/Thrasýlochos). [German version] [1] Athenian, 4th cent. BC Son of Cephisodorus from the Anagyrus deme, Athenian, brother of Meidias [2] (Dem. Or. 21,78; 28,17); in 363 BC he forced Demosthenes [2] into a costly trierarchia with an antidosis action; he was himself a triḗrarchos, probably as early as 361 (Ps.-Dem. Or. 50,52) yet before 325/4 (IG II2 1629d,753 f.; 1631b,121 f.). A dedication to Amphiaraus 338-330 BC is preserved epigraphically (SEG 15,285); PA 7347; Davies 385 f. Engels, Johannes (Cologne) [German version] [2] From Messene, politician, 4th cent. BC Mess…

[German version] (Κηφίσιος; Kēphísios). The Athenian C. was the main accuser of  Andocides [1] in the Trial of the Mysteries in 399 BC; C. levelled harsh reproaches against his political and religious violations, which must in part be ascribed to rhetorical slander (And. 1,92-93; Lys. 6,42).…